Environmental & Nutritional Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Which chemical causes skin cancer that affects the palms and soles as opposed to UV-induced skin cancer that affects sun-exposed areas?

A

Arsenic

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2
Q

What are the two hematologic findings that can be seen in cases of lead poisoning?

A
  1. Ring sideroblasts
  2. Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia with basophilic stippling of RBCs.
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3
Q

Going on multiple fad diets will most likely result in?

A

Vitamin deficiencies

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4
Q

Cadmium poisoning causes which disease that is characterized by osteoporosis and osteomalacia with renal disease seen in postmenopausal women of a certain East Asian country?

A

Itai-itai ( seen in post-manopausal japanese women)

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5
Q

What is the guardian angel against obesity?

A

Adiponectin

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6
Q

34/ M with history of sleeping in the car with windows closed presented with decrease in sensorium and cherry red discoloration of the skin and mucosal membranes. What is the most likely diagnosis ?

A

CO poisoning

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7
Q

6/M with pica presented with poorly localized abdominal pain, poor school performance, and decreased play activity. PBS shows microcytic, hypochromic red cells with basophilic stippling. X-ray shows opacities occupying the epiphyseal plates. What is the diagnosis?

A

Lead poisoning

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8
Q

Carbon monoxide saturation level that causes systemic hypoxia?

A

20-30%

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9
Q

Nerve involved in claw hand?

A

Ulnar

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10
Q

38/M production worker at a battery manufacturing plant develops wrist drop and foot drop . What is the implicated exposure?

A

Lead

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11
Q

50/ M, Bangladeshi with a history of arrhythmia presents with an ulcerating palm mass on a background of yellowish plaques on his palms and soles. Biopsy of the mass shows squamous cell carcinoma. What is the implicated exposure?

A

Arsenic

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12
Q

Radiation effect in bone marrow?

A

Myelosuppression ( dose dependent marrow aplasia)

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13
Q

Wart-like new growth on the hands and feet of patient with history of exposure to their town river where Marcopper Mining drainage would usually pass?

A

Arsenic keratosis

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14
Q

Diagnostic tool to confirm the arsenic keratosis?

A

Excision biopsy

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15
Q

Complication that may arise from arsenic keratosis?

A

Develops into squamous carcinoma

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16
Q

Etiologic factor in an elderly factory worker presenting with increasing dyspnea and decreased breath sounds in all fields of the left lung without cough and sputum production with pleural biopsy findings of spindle & cuboidal cells invading adipose tissue.

A

Asbestosis

17
Q

Which component of cigarette smoke is a potent carcinogen?

A

Benzopyrene

18
Q

Risk factor for development of esophageal adenocarcinoma?

A

Multiple exposure to radiation

19
Q

Mechanism of cadmium toxicity?

A
  1. Acts on mitochondria by inducing oxidative stress and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS).
  2. Activating apoptosis , mutating mtDNA
  3. Altering gene expression
  4. Inhibiting respiratory chain complexes
  5. Reducing ATP synthesis
  6. Altering the inner mitochondrial permeability
20
Q

Papillary Thyroid CA morphology?

A

Orphan Annie Nuclei

21
Q

CA more common in iodine sufficient areas?

A

Papillary Thyroid CA

22
Q

CA more common in iodine deficient areas?

A

Follicular Thyroid CA