Brain Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Kluver - Bucy Syndrome , characterized by disinhibited behaviors such as hyperphagia, hypersexuality, and hyperorality , is associated with bilateral lesions in what part of the brain?

A

Amygdala

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2
Q

Lesion which presents with contralateral hemiballismus?

A

Lesions in the subthalamic nucleus

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3
Q

Lesion present in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

Bilateral Damage to the Mammillary Bodies

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4
Q

Lesion in Kluver-Bucy Syndrome commonly observed in HSV-1 encephalitis?

A

Bilateral Lesions in the Amygdala

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5
Q

Lesion in Alzheimer’s Disease which manifests with anterograde amnesia, impairing the formation of new memories.

A

Bilateral Damage to the Hippocampus

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6
Q

Low grade astrocytoma. Most common primary brain tumor of childhood. Usually well circumscribed.

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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7
Q

Tumor with astrocyte origin , GFAP (+) , Bipolar neoplastic cells with hairlike projections . Associated with microcysts and rosenthal fibers eosinophilic corkscrew fibers

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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8
Q

Most common malignant brain tumor in childhood

A

Medulloblastoma

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9
Q

Location of Pilocytic Astrocytoma ?

A

Posterior fossa , Cerebellum

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10
Q

Most common location of Medulloblastoma?

A

Cerebellum

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11
Q

Most commonly found in the 4th ventricle ?

A

Ependymoma

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12
Q

Tumor that can compress the 4th ventricle , causing non-communicating hydrocephalus causing headache and papilledema. Can involve the cerebellar vermis which cause truncal ataxia. Can send drop metastasis to spinal cord.

A

Medulloblastoma

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13
Q

Tumor form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET) Homer -wright rosettes ( small blue cells surrounding central area of neuropil) Synaptophysin (+).

A

Medulloblastoma

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14
Q

Most commonly found in the 4th ventricle , can cause hydrocephalus, poor prognosis. Ependymal cell origin with a characteristic perivascular pseudorosettes. **Rod-shaped blepharoplasts ( basal ciliary bodies) found near the nucleus.

A

Ependymoma

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15
Q

Most common childhood supratentorial tumor.

A

Craniopharyngoma

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16
Q

Tumor may be confused with pituitary adenoma. Calcification is common. Associated with high recurrence rate. Derived from remnants of Rathke pouch (ectoderm). Cholesterol crystals found in motor-oil like fluid within tumor.

A

Craniopharyngoma

17
Q

Most commonly extragonadal germ cell tumors.

A

Pineal gland tumors

18
Q

Present with obstructive hydrocephalus ( compression of cerebral aqueduct).

A

Pineal gland tumors

19
Q

Increased incidence in males and cause Parinaud Syndrome.

A

Pineal gland tumor

Parinaud syndrome
1. upward gaze palsy
2. Convergence - retraction nystagmus
3. Light near dissociation

20
Q

Brain tumor in childhood that is similar to testicular seminomas?

A

Pineal gland tumor