Lower Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
Dx tests for resp. dz
Thoracic auscultation
Cervical/ thoracic rads
Thoracic auscultation
Bronchovesicular sounds: normal
Crackles: abrupt opening of airways (inspiration)
Wheezes: moved air through a narrow space
Rubs: pleural dz
Reduced bronchovesicular sounds: pleural space dz
Cervical/ thoracic rads
Airways: for masses, displacement, collapse, inflamm/ thickening
Parenchyma: alveolar infiltrate, diffuse/ interstitial dz, nodular interstitial, bronchiolar or vascular pattern, solitary lesions
Fluoroscopy
Airway collapse
Function of the intercostal muscles
Clinical pathology
Anemia and polycythemia
Metabolic dz
Infection
Acid/base
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination and larynx and function
Transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage
Used to collect upper and low airways for cytologic and microbiologic analysis
Infectious, inflammatory, allergic or neoplastic dz
Bronchoscopy
Visualization of airways
Collection of fluid or tissue
Retrieval of FBs
Protected brush catheter used for cytology and cx
Pulse ox
Estimated the arterial Hb oxygen saturation
Blood gases
Evaluation of hypoxemia (arterial)
Acid/base (venous)
Other dx of lower resp. dz
Thoracocentesis, lung aspirate, lung bx, fecal tests for parasites
ID pulmonary patterns on rads
see lecture 4
Antitussives
Reduces coughing (suppresses cough center)
Ex: hydrocodone, butorphanol, dextromethrophan
Bronchodilators
Methylxanthines (phophodiesterase inhibitors)
Improves mucocilliary clearance, stimulates resp. center, ↑ sensitivity to PaCO2, improve diaphragm function
Ex: theophylline and aminophylline
Beta 2 agonists
Relaxes muscles in the airways, which increases airflow and ventilation
Ex: terbutaline, albuterol