Lower Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Dx tests for resp. dz

A

Thoracic auscultation
Cervical/ thoracic rads

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2
Q

Thoracic auscultation

A

Bronchovesicular sounds: normal
Crackles: abrupt opening of airways (inspiration)
Wheezes: moved air through a narrow space
Rubs: pleural dz
Reduced bronchovesicular sounds: pleural space dz

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3
Q

Cervical/ thoracic rads

A

Airways: for masses, displacement, collapse, inflamm/ thickening
Parenchyma: alveolar infiltrate, diffuse/ interstitial dz, nodular interstitial, bronchiolar or vascular pattern, solitary lesions

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4
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Airway collapse
Function of the intercostal muscles

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5
Q

Clinical pathology

A

Anemia and polycythemia
Metabolic dz
Infection
Acid/base

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6
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

Visual examination and larynx and function

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7
Q

Transtracheal wash or bronchoalveolar lavage

A

Used to collect upper and low airways for cytologic and microbiologic analysis
Infectious, inflammatory, allergic or neoplastic dz

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8
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Visualization of airways
Collection of fluid or tissue
Retrieval of FBs
Protected brush catheter used for cytology and cx

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9
Q

Pulse ox

A

Estimated the arterial Hb oxygen saturation

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10
Q

Blood gases

A

Evaluation of hypoxemia (arterial)
Acid/base (venous)

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11
Q

Other dx of lower resp. dz

A

Thoracocentesis, lung aspirate, lung bx, fecal tests for parasites

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12
Q

ID pulmonary patterns on rads

A

see lecture 4

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13
Q

Antitussives

A

Reduces coughing (suppresses cough center)
Ex: hydrocodone, butorphanol, dextromethrophan

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14
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Methylxanthines (phophodiesterase inhibitors)
Improves mucocilliary clearance, stimulates resp. center, ↑ sensitivity to PaCO2, improve diaphragm function
Ex: theophylline and aminophylline

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15
Q

Beta 2 agonists

A

Relaxes muscles in the airways, which increases airflow and ventilation
Ex: terbutaline, albuterol

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16
Q

When is O2 therapy indicated and how is it supplied?

A

PaO2 < 60 mmHg
Mask, trasntracheal catheter, nasal catheter, O2 cage, endotraheal tube

17
Q

When is ventilatory therapy indicated?

A

PaCO2 > 60 mmHg