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!Small Animal Medicine > Diseases of the Large Intestine > Flashcards

Diseases of the Large Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Recognizing colonic dz

A

↑ frequency
Small amounts of feces
Straining to defecate
Mucosal damage
Jelly like mucus
Exudate + leukocytes

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2
Q

Dx of colitis

A

Fecal floats/ exam, rectal scrape
Therapeutic deworming
Imaging: rads, US, colonoscopy
Therapeutic diet trial

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3
Q

Differentials of colitis

A

Extraintestinal causes of hemorrhagic diarrhea (addisons, chr. pancreatitis)
Colonic neoplasia or obstructions (intuss or torsion)
Constipation

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4
Q

Acute colitis

A

From trauma (bones, chew toys, foreign material)
Dietary or idiopathic
Self-limiting (dietary trial 6w)

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5
Q

Whipworms

A

Trichuris vulpis
Hatch to the SI → cecum or colon
Fecal-oral transmission

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6
Q

CS of whipworms

A

Tenesmus, mucoid feces, hematochezia

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7
Q

Lab results of whipworms

A

CBC: anemia, hypoproteinemia, eosinophilia
Chem: ↑ K+, ↓ Na
Fecal float, baerman technique

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8
Q

Tx for whipworms

A

Fenbendazole(initial, 3w then 3m), pyrantel, fenbantel
Milbemycin oxime monthly

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9
Q

Giardiasis

A

Giardia lambilia
Asymptomatic or mixed diarrhea (acute, mild, self-limiting)
Severe: chr., protein losing and WL
Fecal- oral transmission in puppies and kittens

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10
Q

Giardiasis tx

A

Metro, fenbendazole, pyrantel
Environmental hygiene
Dietary therapy with chr. severe dz

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11
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Tritrichomonas foetus
Direct transmission
Coinfection with giardia
Immunosuppression, kittens and adults

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12
Q

CS of trichomoniasis

A

Semi-formed stools to bloody diarrhea
Fecal incontinence
Edematous painful anus
Rectal prolapse
Waxing and waning of signs

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13
Q

Dx and tx of trichomoniasis

A

Fecal smear, in-pouch culturing system, PCR
Ronidazole (2w)

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14
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Histoplasma capsulatum: saprophytic soil fungus inhaled
Endemic in MS, OH and MI

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15
Q

CS of histoplasmosis

A

GI, resp, ocular, CNS, systemic (fever and anorexia), lymphadenopathy

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16
Q

Histoplasmosis signalment

A

Young large breed dogs and young to middle aged cats
Travel to endemic area

17
Q

Histoplasmosis dx

A

Cytology: rectal scrape, LN aspirate, colonic mucosa brushing or BM aspirate
Rads, fundic exam, histopath, urine ag test,

18
Q

Histoplasmosis tx

A

Supportive, symptomatic, itraconazole, amphotericin B, glucos
Tx 2-3m post clinical resolution

19
Q

Protothecosis

A

Algal, prototheca (P. zopfii)
Lives in sewage, slime flux of trees, animal waste
↓ cell immunity

20
Q

Protothecosis CS

A

Disseminated: Ocular, CNS, cutaneous, bone, kidney
GI only: intermittent bloody diarrhea, hematochezia/ melena
Colon mostly affected

21
Q

Protothecosis dx and tx

A

Culture, direct fecal smear and rectal scrape
Amphotericin B, tetracycline, -azoles
fatal

22
Q

Common neoplasias of the the LI

A

Adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, adenomatous polyp

23
Q

Chr. colitis CS

A

Large bowel diarrhea
Vomiting, WL, lethargy and inappetence

24
Q

Chronic inflammatory enteropathy

A

S and LI involvement: Lymphocytic-plasmacytic, eosinophilic or granulomatous colitis
Colon only: histiocytic ulcerative colitis

25
Q

Lymphocytic plasmacytic

A

Middle aged cat or dog
Associated with peri-anal fistulas
Dx: histopath- lymphos and plasma cells in lamina propria

26
Q

Eosinophilic colitis

A

Young
Parasites, allergies, infectious agents
Feline hypereosinophilic syndrome, peripheral eosinophilia
Dx: Histopath- eosinophils in LP

27
Q

Granulomatous colitis

A

Fungal dz, parasites, FIP, FB
Segmental thickening, partial thickening
Dx: histopath: macros not PAS +

28
Q

Granulomatous colitis should be differentiated from ____________

A

Histiocystic colitis

29
Q

Management for chr. colitis

A

Medical diets (hills, hydrolyzed, purine, etc)
Glucos (pred), azathioprine, chlorambucil
Anti-inflamms (asacol, sulfasalazine)
Antimicrobials (metro, tylosin)

30
Q

Histiocystic Ulcerative colitis

A

Younger boxers
WL, anemia, hypoalbuminemia
Abnormal response to enteric bacteria (E. coli)
PAS+ macros in LP

31
Q

Tx for Histiocystic Ulcerative colitis

A

Fluroquinolones (2w)
Joint cartilage abnormalities

!Small Animal Medicine (37 decks)

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