Diseases of the Large Intestine Flashcards
Recognizing colonic dz
↑ frequency
Small amounts of feces
Straining to defecate
Mucosal damage
Jelly like mucus
Exudate + leukocytes
Dx of colitis
Fecal floats/ exam, rectal scrape
Therapeutic deworming
Imaging: rads, US, colonoscopy
Therapeutic diet trial
Differentials of colitis
Extraintestinal causes of hemorrhagic diarrhea (addisons, chr. pancreatitis)
Colonic neoplasia or obstructions (intuss or torsion)
Constipation
Acute colitis
From trauma (bones, chew toys, foreign material)
Dietary or idiopathic
Self-limiting (dietary trial 6w)
Whipworms
Trichuris vulpis
Hatch to the SI → cecum or colon
Fecal-oral transmission
CS of whipworms
Tenesmus, mucoid feces, hematochezia
Lab results of whipworms
CBC: anemia, hypoproteinemia, eosinophilia
Chem: ↑ K+, ↓ Na
Fecal float, baerman technique
Tx for whipworms
Fenbendazole(initial, 3w then 3m), pyrantel, fenbantel
Milbemycin oxime monthly
Giardiasis
Giardia lambilia
Asymptomatic or mixed diarrhea (acute, mild, self-limiting)
Severe: chr., protein losing and WL
Fecal- oral transmission in puppies and kittens
Giardiasis tx
Metro, fenbendazole, pyrantel
Environmental hygiene
Dietary therapy with chr. severe dz
Trichomoniasis
Tritrichomonas foetus
Direct transmission
Coinfection with giardia
Immunosuppression, kittens and adults
CS of trichomoniasis
Semi-formed stools to bloody diarrhea
Fecal incontinence
Edematous painful anus
Rectal prolapse
Waxing and waning of signs
Dx and tx of trichomoniasis
Fecal smear, in-pouch culturing system, PCR
Ronidazole (2w)
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasma capsulatum: saprophytic soil fungus inhaled
Endemic in MS, OH and MI
CS of histoplasmosis
GI, resp, ocular, CNS, systemic (fever and anorexia), lymphadenopathy
Histoplasmosis signalment
Young large breed dogs and young to middle aged cats
Travel to endemic area
Histoplasmosis dx
Cytology: rectal scrape, LN aspirate, colonic mucosa brushing or BM aspirate
Rads, fundic exam, histopath, urine ag test,
Histoplasmosis tx
Supportive, symptomatic, itraconazole, amphotericin B, glucos
Tx 2-3m post clinical resolution
Protothecosis
Algal, prototheca (P. zopfii)
Lives in sewage, slime flux of trees, animal waste
↓ cell immunity
Protothecosis CS
Disseminated: Ocular, CNS, cutaneous, bone, kidney
GI only: intermittent bloody diarrhea, hematochezia/ melena
Colon mostly affected
Protothecosis dx and tx
Culture, direct fecal smear and rectal scrape
Amphotericin B, tetracycline, -azoles
fatal
Common neoplasias of the the LI
Adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, adenomatous polyp
Chr. colitis CS
Large bowel diarrhea
Vomiting, WL, lethargy and inappetence
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy
S and LI involvement: Lymphocytic-plasmacytic, eosinophilic or granulomatous colitis
Colon only: histiocytic ulcerative colitis
Lymphocytic plasmacytic
Middle aged cat or dog
Associated with peri-anal fistulas
Dx: histopath- lymphos and plasma cells in lamina propria
Eosinophilic colitis
Young
Parasites, allergies, infectious agents
Feline hypereosinophilic syndrome, peripheral eosinophilia
Dx: Histopath- eosinophils in LP
Granulomatous colitis
Fungal dz, parasites, FIP, FB
Segmental thickening, partial thickening
Dx: histopath: macros not PAS +
Granulomatous colitis should be differentiated from ____________
Histiocystic colitis
Management for chr. colitis
Medical diets (hills, hydrolyzed, purine, etc)
Glucos (pred), azathioprine, chlorambucil
Anti-inflamms (asacol, sulfasalazine)
Antimicrobials (metro, tylosin)
Histiocystic Ulcerative colitis
Younger boxers
WL, anemia, hypoalbuminemia
Abnormal response to enteric bacteria (E. coli)
PAS+ macros in LP
Tx for Histiocystic Ulcerative colitis
Fluroquinolones (2w)
Joint cartilage abnormalities
