Dentistry Diseases

Question 1

Gingivitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of the gum and tooth supporting structures
Reversible
Stage 1 periodontal dz

Question 2

Periodontitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the gum and tooth support structures
Controllable but not reversible
Dx by probing and intraoral rads

Question 3

Formation of dental calculi

Answer 3

Biofilm (bacteria adhering to tooth surface) →
Plaque (Yellow biofilm accum on tooth surface) →
Calculus (hardened plaque by calcium salts in salivary secretion)

Question 4

Thin plaque

Answer 4

Gram + aerobic cocci and pods in supra-gingival area

Question 5

Thick plaque

Answer 5

Anaerobes invade sub-gingival area
More spirochetes abundant

Question 6

Calculi

Answer 6

Gram- ↑: endotoxin
Volatile sulfur compounds → bad smell
Tissue invasion and destruction

Question 7

PDI or ______________ staging is based on _________ findings

Answer 7

Periodontal disease index
Radiographic

Question 8

PDI staging

Answer 8

PD 0: normal periodontium
PD 1: Gingivitis only
PD 2: <25% attachment loss (lig and bone support teeth >75% of roots)
PD 3: 25-50% attachment loss (+/- extraction)
PD 4: >50% attachment loss (extraction)

Question 9

Gingivitis tx

Answer 9

Normal sulcus depth: <3 mm (dogs), <0.5 mm (cats)
Home oral care

Question 10

Periodontal dz tx

Answer 10

3-6 mm pocket (dogs) or 2-4 mm (cats): close root planning and local abx gel (doxy) → periceuticals
> 6mm in dogs and >4 mm in cats: extraction, open root planning, bone graft
PD4: extraction
home oral care post tx

Question 11

Gingival recession

Answer 11

Signs of periodontitis
Loss of ligament and alveolar bone
Oral exam and rads (assess bone loss)
Tx: extraction, gingivoplasty, home oral care

Question 12

Furcation exposure

Answer 12

Sign of periodontitis
Grade 1: <halfway
G2: half way (root planning, periceuticals)
G3: all the way through (extraction)

Question 13

Oronasal fistula

Answer 13

Pathological pathway between the oral and nasal cavities
Caused by periodontitis, dehiscence of extraction sites

Question 14

Signs and tx of ONF

Answer 14

Nasal discharge, sneezing
Tx with flap surgery

Question 15

Factors contributing to persistent deciduous tooth

Answer 15

Permanent teeth missing
Deciduous root not resorbed
More common in small-breed dogs

Question 16

Tx for persistent deciduous tooth

Answer 16

Extraction asap to avoid second malocclusion

Question 17

Completely missing teeth

Answer 17

No tooth remnant
Congenital or complete extraction in past
No tx needed

Question 18

Partially missing teeth

Answer 18

Part of the tooth roots under gum line
Previous incomplete extractions, tooth resorption, root fractures
Extraction if abnormal

Question 19

Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Answer 19

Early detection of unreupted tooth → extraction (or trim gum to unveil tooth)

Question 20

What causes unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Answer 20

Continuous fluid production from the unerupted tooth

Question 21

Tx for Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Answer 21

Surgical removal of cyst lining with extractions
Potential jaw fracture

Question 22

Attrition and abrasion

Answer 22

Att: tooth on tooth
Abr: tooth on objects

Question 23

Dx for attrition and abrasion

Answer 23

Detailed chewing hx, occlusion assessment, anesthetized exam with probing, intraoral rads
(R/O: pulp exposure v. terttiary dentin, pulpitis, etc)

Question 24

Tx for attrition/ abrasion

Answer 24

ID primary or secondary
Rad monitoring, extraction, endodontic tx, prosthetics
Tx underlying dz, behavior modification, PREVENT

Question 25

What factors contribute to enamel hypomineralization

Answer 25

Congenital, trauma
Fever or distemper (generalized)
Tetracycline use (fetus/ newborn)

Question 26

Enamel hypomineralization is predisposed for what

Answer 26

Fast calculus accumulation → home oral care and regular oral ATP

Question 27

Tx for enamel hypomineralization

Answer 27

Dental bonding sealant, fluoride tx if needed

Question 28

Discolored tooth

Answer 28

Assess viability via rads
94% has partial or total pulp necrosis only, 58% show rads signs of necrosis

Question 29

Tx for discolored tooth

Answer 29

If pulpitis: extraction or referral for endodontic therapy
No signs: monitor

Question 30

What causes tooth fractures

Answer 30

Chewing on hard objects
Wearing (attrition or abrasion)
Trauma

Question 31

Clinical appearance of tooth fractures

Answer 31

Dot in crown surface
Red, brown or black (could be tertiary dentin)

Question 32

How to describe a tooth fracture

Answer 32

1. Complicated or uncomplicated
2. Location
3. Tooth #

Question 33

TX goal for complicated fractures

Answer 33

Comfortable and functional mouth
Exodontics (extractions) and endodontics +/- crowns

Question 34

Common benign oral masses

Answer 34

Dentigerous cyst (impacted tooth, odontoma)
Gingival hyperplasia
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF)
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (locally aggressive)

Question 35

Odontoma

Answer 35

Benign tooth tumor
Usually juvenile
Dx with imaging
Tx with removal of denticles

Question 36

Gingival enlargement/ hyperplasia

Answer 36

↑ in height/ width of gingiva
Genetics: boxers
Tx with gingivectomy in pseudopockets

Question 37

Common malignant oral masses

Answer 37

Melanoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma

Question 38

Melanoma

Answer 38

Most common oral malignancy in dogs
3rd common in cats
Met to the lungs and LNs, mod to severe pain

Question 39

Signlament for melanoma

Answer 39

ST
Teens/ older patients
Cockers, M poodle, chow, retriever

Question 40

SCC

Answer 40

Most common in cats and 2nd most in dogs
Extensive bone invasion (esp. in cats)

Question 41

SCC signs

Answer 41

Geriatric cats
Ulcerative lesions and severe pain
Loss of mandibular cortex

Question 42

Fibrosarcoma

Answer 42

3rd most common in dogs and 2nd in cats
Large breeds (retrievers, spaniels, setters, doberman)
Middle age