PD 0: normal periodontium PD 1: Gingivitis only PD 2: 75% of roots) PD 3: 25-50% attachment loss (+/- extraction) PD 4: >50% attachment loss (extraction)

Dentistry Diseases Flashcards by Trenni Jefferson

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gum and tooth supporting structures
Reversible
Stage 1 periodontal dz

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Periodontitis

Inflammation of the gum and tooth support structures
Controllable but not reversible
Dx by probing and intraoral rads

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Formation of dental calculi

Biofilm (bacteria adhering to tooth surface) →
Plaque (Yellow biofilm accum on tooth surface) →
Calculus (hardened plaque by calcium salts in salivary secretion)

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Thin plaque

Gram + aerobic cocci and pods in supra-gingival area

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Thick plaque

Anaerobes invade sub-gingival area
More spirochetes abundant

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Calculi

Gram- ↑: endotoxin
Volatile sulfur compounds → bad smell
Tissue invasion and destruction

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PDI or ______________ staging is based on _________ findings

Periodontal disease index
Radiographic

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PDI staging

PD 0: normal periodontium
PD 1: Gingivitis only
PD 2: <25% attachment loss (lig and bone support teeth >75% of roots)
PD 3: 25-50% attachment loss (+/- extraction)
PD 4: >50% attachment loss (extraction)

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Gingivitis tx

Normal sulcus depth: <3 mm (dogs), <0.5 mm (cats)
Home oral care

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Periodontal dz tx

3-6 mm pocket (dogs) or 2-4 mm (cats): close root planning and local abx gel (doxy) → periceuticals
> 6mm in dogs and >4 mm in cats: extraction, open root planning, bone graft
PD4: extraction
home oral care post tx

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Gingival recession

Signs of periodontitis
Loss of ligament and alveolar bone
Oral exam and rads (assess bone loss)
Tx: extraction, gingivoplasty, home oral care

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Furcation exposure

Sign of periodontitis
Grade 1: <halfway
G2: half way (root planning, periceuticals)
G3: all the way through (extraction)

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Oronasal fistula

Pathological pathway between the oral and nasal cavities
Caused by periodontitis, dehiscence of extraction sites

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Signs and tx of ONF

Nasal discharge, sneezing
Tx with flap surgery

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Factors contributing to persistent deciduous tooth

Permanent teeth missing
Deciduous root not resorbed
More common in small-breed dogs

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Tx for persistent deciduous tooth

Extraction asap to avoid second malocclusion

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Completely missing teeth

No tooth remnant
Congenital or complete extraction in past
No tx needed

Partially missing teeth

Part of the tooth roots under gum line
Previous incomplete extractions, tooth resorption, root fractures
Extraction if abnormal

Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Early detection of unreupted tooth → extraction (or trim gum to unveil tooth)

What causes unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Continuous fluid production from the unerupted tooth

Tx for Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)

Surgical removal of cyst lining with extractions
Potential jaw fracture

Attrition and abrasion

Att: tooth on tooth
Abr: tooth on objects

Dx for attrition and abrasion

Detailed chewing hx, occlusion assessment, anesthetized exam with probing, intraoral rads
(R/O: pulp exposure v. terttiary dentin, pulpitis, etc)

Tx for attrition/ abrasion

ID primary or secondary
Rad monitoring, extraction, endodontic tx, prosthetics
Tx underlying dz, behavior modification, PREVENT

What factors contribute to enamel hypomineralization

Congenital, trauma Fever or distemper (generalized) Tetracycline use (fetus/ newborn)

Enamel hypomineralization is predisposed for what

Fast calculus accumulation → home oral care and regular oral ATP

Tx for enamel hypomineralization

Dental bonding sealant, fluoride tx if needed

Discolored tooth

Assess viability via rads 94% has partial or total pulp necrosis only, 58% show rads signs of necrosis

Tx for discolored tooth

If pulpitis: extraction or referral for endodontic therapy No signs: monitor

What causes tooth fractures

Chewing on hard objects Wearing (attrition or abrasion) Trauma

Clinical appearance of tooth fractures

Dot in crown surface Red, brown or black (could be tertiary dentin)

How to describe a tooth fracture

1. Complicated or uncomplicated 2. Location 3. Tooth #

TX goal for complicated fractures

Comfortable and functional mouth Exodontics (extractions) and endodontics +/- crowns

Common benign oral masses

Dentigerous cyst (impacted tooth, odontoma) Gingival hyperplasia Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (locally aggressive)

Odontoma

Benign tooth tumor Usually juvenile Dx with imaging Tx with removal of denticles

Gingival enlargement/ hyperplasia

↑ in height/ width of gingiva Genetics: boxers Tx with gingivectomy in pseudopockets

Common malignant oral masses

Melanoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma

Melanoma

Most common oral malignancy in dogs 3rd common in cats Met to the lungs and LNs, mod to severe pain

Signlament for melanoma

ST Teens/ older patients Cockers, M poodle, chow, retriever

SCC

Most common in cats and 2nd most in dogs Extensive bone invasion (esp. in cats)

SCC signs

Geriatric cats Ulcerative lesions and severe pain Loss of mandibular cortex

Fibrosarcoma

3rd most common in dogs and 2nd in cats Large breeds (retrievers, spaniels, setters, doberman) Middle age