Dentistry Diseases Flashcards
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gum and tooth supporting structures
Reversible
Stage 1 periodontal dz
Periodontitis
Inflammation of the gum and tooth support structures
Controllable but not reversible
Dx by probing and intraoral rads
Formation of dental calculi
Biofilm (bacteria adhering to tooth surface) →
Plaque (Yellow biofilm accum on tooth surface) →
Calculus (hardened plaque by calcium salts in salivary secretion)
Thin plaque
Gram + aerobic cocci and pods in supra-gingival area
Thick plaque
Anaerobes invade sub-gingival area
More spirochetes abundant
Calculi
Gram- ↑: endotoxin
Volatile sulfur compounds → bad smell
Tissue invasion and destruction
PDI or ______________ staging is based on _________ findings
Periodontal disease index
Radiographic
PDI staging
PD 0: normal periodontium
PD 1: Gingivitis only
PD 2: <25% attachment loss (lig and bone support teeth >75% of roots)
PD 3: 25-50% attachment loss (+/- extraction)
PD 4: >50% attachment loss (extraction)
Gingivitis tx
Normal sulcus depth: <3 mm (dogs), <0.5 mm (cats)
Home oral care
Periodontal dz tx
3-6 mm pocket (dogs) or 2-4 mm (cats): close root planning and local abx gel (doxy) → periceuticals
> 6mm in dogs and >4 mm in cats: extraction, open root planning, bone graft
PD4: extraction
home oral care post tx
Gingival recession
Signs of periodontitis
Loss of ligament and alveolar bone
Oral exam and rads (assess bone loss)
Tx: extraction, gingivoplasty, home oral care
Furcation exposure
Sign of periodontitis
Grade 1: <halfway
G2: half way (root planning, periceuticals)
G3: all the way through (extraction)
Oronasal fistula
Pathological pathway between the oral and nasal cavities
Caused by periodontitis, dehiscence of extraction sites
Signs and tx of ONF
Nasal discharge, sneezing
Tx with flap surgery
Factors contributing to persistent deciduous tooth
Permanent teeth missing
Deciduous root not resorbed
More common in small-breed dogs
Tx for persistent deciduous tooth
Extraction asap to avoid second malocclusion
Completely missing teeth
No tooth remnant
Congenital or complete extraction in past
No tx needed
Partially missing teeth
Part of the tooth roots under gum line
Previous incomplete extractions, tooth resorption, root fractures
Extraction if abnormal
Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)
Early detection of unreupted tooth → extraction (or trim gum to unveil tooth)
What causes unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)
Continuous fluid production from the unerupted tooth
Tx for Unerupted teeth (dentigerous cyst)
Surgical removal of cyst lining with extractions
Potential jaw fracture
Attrition and abrasion
Att: tooth on tooth
Abr: tooth on objects
Dx for attrition and abrasion
Detailed chewing hx, occlusion assessment, anesthetized exam with probing, intraoral rads
(R/O: pulp exposure v. terttiary dentin, pulpitis, etc)
Tx for attrition/ abrasion
ID primary or secondary
Rad monitoring, extraction, endodontic tx, prosthetics
Tx underlying dz, behavior modification, PREVENT
What factors contribute to enamel hypomineralization
Congenital, trauma
Fever or distemper (generalized)
Tetracycline use (fetus/ newborn)
Enamel hypomineralization is predisposed for what
Fast calculus accumulation → home oral care and regular oral ATP
Tx for enamel hypomineralization
Dental bonding sealant, fluoride tx if needed
Discolored tooth
Assess viability via rads
94% has partial or total pulp necrosis only, 58% show rads signs of necrosis
Tx for discolored tooth
If pulpitis: extraction or referral for endodontic therapy
No signs: monitor
What causes tooth fractures
Chewing on hard objects
Wearing (attrition or abrasion)
Trauma
Clinical appearance of tooth fractures
Dot in crown surface
Red, brown or black (could be tertiary dentin)
How to describe a tooth fracture
- Complicated or uncomplicated
- Location
- Tooth #
TX goal for complicated fractures
Comfortable and functional mouth
Exodontics (extractions) and endodontics +/- crowns
Common benign oral masses
Dentigerous cyst (impacted tooth, odontoma)
Gingival hyperplasia
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF)
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma (locally aggressive)
Odontoma
Benign tooth tumor
Usually juvenile
Dx with imaging
Tx with removal of denticles
Gingival enlargement/ hyperplasia
↑ in height/ width of gingiva
Genetics: boxers
Tx with gingivectomy in pseudopockets
Common malignant oral masses
Melanoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma
Melanoma
Most common oral malignancy in dogs
3rd common in cats
Met to the lungs and LNs, mod to severe pain
Signlament for melanoma
ST
Teens/ older patients
Cockers, M poodle, chow, retriever
SCC
Most common in cats and 2nd most in dogs
Extensive bone invasion (esp. in cats)
SCC signs
Geriatric cats
Ulcerative lesions and severe pain
Loss of mandibular cortex
Fibrosarcoma
3rd most common in dogs and 2nd in cats
Large breeds (retrievers, spaniels, setters, doberman)
Middle age
