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!Small Animal Medicine > Feline Urinary Diseases > Flashcards

Feline Urinary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most important questions where dx LUT dz in cats?

A

Frequency: dysuria ( norm 1-3x / day)
Volume: frequent and large= kidney dz, large = NOT LUT)
Location: painful* (mult. places), behavior (random and mult. times in one place)

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2
Q

Dysuria without obstruction

A

Small bladder
↑ frequency, ↓ volume
Urinating in multiple locations

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3
Q

Differentials for dysuria without obstruction

A

Idiopathic cystitis
Uroliths
Infection or neoplasia

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4
Q

Dx dysuria without obstruction

A

Urinalysis, Rads/ US
+/- cx, contrast rads
CBC may be normal

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5
Q

How to tx dysuria without obstruction

A

Fluid therapy

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6
Q

Dysuria with obstruction

A

Large bladder
↑ frequency, ↓ volume
Urinating in multiple locations

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7
Q

Differentials for dysuria with obstruction

A

Plug
Urethroliths
Spasm
Stricture and clots

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8
Q

Dx dysuria with obstruction

A

Survey rads + urinalysis (dz in urethra)
+/- special imaging, cx and Bld profile

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9
Q

How to tx dysuria with obstruction

A

Cardiovascular stabilization (restoring volume depletion and correct imbalances)
Bladder decompression
Alleviate obstruction (urethral hydropropulsion)

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10
Q

Inappropriate urination without dysuria

A

Frequency and normal volume
Selected location
Normal bladder size

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11
Q

Differentials for inappropriate urination without dysuria

A

Behavior with underlying cause
Idopathic, uroliths, infections

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12
Q

Dx inappropriate urination without dysuria

A

Urinalysis, rads/ US
+/- cx and contrast rads

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13
Q

How to tx inappropriate urination without dysuria

A

Behavioral modification
Eliminate concurrent dz

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14
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Frequency constant/ intermittent
↓ volume
Location (wet from lying down and not positioning)
Large bladder (neuro or obstruction)

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15
Q

Dx urinary incontinence

A

Neuro exam, US or surgery rads (spine)
+/- contrast rads, cx

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16
Q

How to tx urinary incontinence

A

Primary: correct anatomic abnormality
Manage/ eliminate concurrent dz

17
Q

Idiopathic cystitis

A

Activates stress responses system → enhanced sympathetic activity → ↑ outflow to urinary bladder → ↑ permeability and sensitivity to bladder → NS transfers pain back to brain (causing further stress)

18
Q

Bladder down hypothesis (idiopathic cystitis)

A

Congenital (pandora syndrome)
Affects the bladder and other systems (GI)
Can’t handle the stress

19
Q

Tx acute idiopathic cystitis

A

Bupren
NSAIDs or acepromazine (manages pain)

20
Q

Tx for recurrent episodes to idiopathic cystitis

A

Multimodal therapeutic food (prescription)
SOAR (safe, odor, appropriate, active play and resource rich - environment)

21
Q

Most common comorbididites for idiopathic cystitis

A

Aggression, ↑ body weight and struvite crystalluria

22
Q

T/F: Struvite uroliths are caused by infection like dogs

A

FALSE (not caused by infection)

23
Q

Standard of care for struvite stones in cats

A

Stone dissolution (3w) with therapeutic food
Cystotomy (80% successful, not cat friendly)

24
Q

Stones in cats

A

Struvite → CaOX (upper stones) → pruine → compound → mixed

25
Q

What is the most common stone in Egyptian Mau?

A

Urate

26
Q

Unobstructing a cat

A

Stabilize before anesthesia
Accurate dx
Flush, don’t force
Extend penis caudally

27
Q

What shouldn’t you do when evaluating a cat for obstruction

A

EXPRESS BLADDER (most common test done) and 3rd most common way to rupture the bladder

28
Q

What causes cat obstructions

A

Stones, mass, plug, FB, extraluminal compression

29
Q

Main goals for unobstructing the cat

A

Re-establish tissue perfusion:
1. Replace volume (IV) - if dehydrated
2. Decompressive cystocentesis

30
Q

When should a decompressive cytocentesis be done when unobstructing a cat?

A

If↓ cardiac output due to hypothermia, uremia, acdemia, hypocalcemia

31
Q

Benefits of decompressive cytocentesis

A

Reduce bladder pain
Reduce biochemical consequences
↓ resistance to retrograde flushing if you occlude urethra
Appropriate sample for UA and cx

32
Q

What is the right way to dx a cat obstruction

A

Medical imaging (done before placing a catheter)

33
Q

How to obstruct the cat

A
  1. Anesthesia (not dexmed)
  2. Flush urethra to clear obstruction
  3. Place indwelling catheter
  4. Moisten gauze spongue
34
Q

How long should the catheter be in for different obstructions?

A
  1. Idiopathic (1-2dy)
  2. Crystalline matrix plugs (1-2d)
  3. correction of azotemia (1-2d)
  4. Blood clot (1-4d)
  5. Promote recovery of detrusor atony (3-7d)
  6. Promote urothelial repair (3-7d)

!Small Animal Medicine (37 decks)

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