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!Small Animal Medicine > Diseases of the Small Intestine > Flashcards

Diseases of the Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

Diseases of the small intestine

A

Acute enteropathy
Small intestinal obstruction
Breed related enteropathy
Chronic inflammatory enteropathy

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2
Q

CS of dz in the small intestine

A

V/D, WL, anorexia/ polyphagia
Borborygmus, painful abdomen, fluid in bowel loops
Systemic/ metabolic illness (shock, hyperthermia, etc)

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3
Q

Which diseases cause diarrhea in young?

A

Parvo, pythiosis, intestinal parasites and diet repsonse enteropathy

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4
Q

Which diseases cause diarrhea in older animals?

A

Middle: chronic enteropathies
Old: neoplasia

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5
Q

SI dz in cats

A

↑ T4, FeLV/ FIV, FIP

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6
Q

SI dz in dogs

A

Addison’s, pythosis, whipworms

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7
Q

Small bowel diarrhea

A

Large amount, melena (black), rare mucus and tenesmus, maybe fat vomiting and WL, gas sometimes

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8
Q

Large bowel diarrhea

A

Small amount, mucus, fresh blood, tenesmus, ↑ frequency, urgency, rare WL, maybe vomiting

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9
Q

Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (HGE)

A

Acute onset of vomiting
Hematochezia, hematemesis (bloody), rapidly progressive

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10
Q

Differentials for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Parvo, gastric ulceration, parasites or addisons

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11
Q

Dx for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Routine + coagulogram, parvo, fecal, baseline cortisol or ACTH, rads and US

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12
Q

Tx for Acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome

A

Aggressive fluids, Abx, same tx as acute gastritis

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13
Q

K9 parvo CS

A

PUPPIES
Depressed, anorexia, V/D (bloody), fever, dehydration, tender abdomen

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14
Q

DX parvo

A

Fecal Ag test
Detects wild type and vx virus

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15
Q

Bloodwork for parvo

A

↓ WBC
Hypoglycemia (septicemia, low glycogen)
Low potassium and ↑ ALP

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16
Q

Tx for k9 parvo

A

IV fluids (or oral)
Anti-emetics (cerenia, metoclopramide)
Abx (ampicillin and enrofloxacin)
don’t use anti-diarrheals

17
Q

Chronic SI dz (CIE)

A

Diet responsive enteropathy
Abx responsive enteropathy
Steroid responsive enteropathy
IBD
Lymphangiectasia

18
Q

Diet responsive enteropathy

A

Diarrhea secondary to dietary Ag
Young dogs or cats
Food intolerance and hypersensitivity

19
Q

Skin CS for food hypersensitivity

A

Pruritus (facial, pedal)
Otitis externa
Self trauma → pyoderma
Miliary dermatitis

20
Q

GI CS for food hypersensitivity

A

V/D, borborygmus, flatulence, abdominal pain, WL

21
Q

Diet responsive enteropathy dx

A

C-reactive protein
intra-dermal skin test
Dietary trial
Indirect tests: cobalamin, food specific IgE and IgG

22
Q

Tx for Diet responsive enteropathy

A

Restricted diet
Skin lesions: baths, fish oil, ketoconazole, antihistamines

23
Q

Abx responsive diarrhea (ARD)/ SI bacterial overgrowth

A

Bacterial overgrowth
Caused by: EPI, partial intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, CIE, neoplasia, dietary responsive enteritides

24
Q

CS in dogs with Abx responsive diarrhea

A

Young
Chr. intermittent diarrhea, WL, borborygmus, flatulence, vomiting, ↑ urgency/ frequency

25
Q

Pathogenesis of Abx responsive diarrhea

A

↑ bacterial numbers in SI: ↑ competition for nutrients and by-products of metabolism and damage to mucosal brush border

26
Q

Dx tests for Abx responsive diarrhea

A

TLI, cobalamin, folate
C-reactive protein
Serum conjugated bile acids
Histopath and dysbiosis index

27
Q

ARD tx

A

Broad spectrum abx: tylosin, metro
4-6 w course
Relapse = lifelong therapy

28
Q

Steroid responsive enteropathy (chr. inflammatory enteritis/ CIE)

A

Persistent or recurrent GI signs
Intestinal inflammation

29
Q

CS of CIE

A

Vomiting, SI, LI and mixed diarrhea
Thickened bowel loops, borborygmus, flatulence, WL
Hypoproteinemia: ascites, pleural effusion, SQ edema

30
Q

Histopath of CIE

A

Lymphocytic-plasmacytic
Eosinophilic, granulocytic, neutrophilic

31
Q

DX CIE

A

Stress leukogram, non-regen anemia
↓ cholesterol, albumin, globulin, hypocalcemia
Rads and US: thickened bowel loops
Endoscopy

32
Q

Tx for CIE

A

Diet: hydrolyzed, limited Ag, low fat
Probiotic
antimicrobials (tylosin and metro)
Cobalamin +/- folate
Glucos (pred)
Gastroprotectants (H2 blockers, sucralfate)
Cytotoxic drugs (azathioprine)

33
Q

Primary Lymphangiectasia

A

Intestinal lymphatic disorder, congential

34
Q

Secondary Lymphangiectasia

A

Intestinal lymphatic obstruction
Obstruction of the thoracic duct
Right heart failure

35
Q

Lymphangiectasia

A

Marked dilation and dysfunction of intestinal lacteals
Lymphatic leakage of proteins
PLE

!Small Animal Medicine (14 decks)

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