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!Small Animal Medicine > Feline Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Feline Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Test for making a dx

A

Histopathology
IHC- specific Ag
ELISA - AG
PCR

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2
Q

Screening test for infection

A

Serology
ELISA-Ag
PCR

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3
Q

Certification that an animal is free of infection

A

Serology
PCR

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4
Q

2 primary methods for dx infectious diseases

A

Detection of organism (cx, cytology, fecal, PCR, immunologic techniques)
Detection of Ab against organism

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5
Q

Reasons for false positive PCR

A

Sample contamination during collection and analysis
Cross reaction without other organisms
Lack of lab quality control
Immunization of suspected Ag

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6
Q

Reasons for false negative PCR

A

Inappropriate handling during collection or transport
Abx therapy prior to sample collection
Early dz v late dz

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7
Q

Most common detection method

A

Detects Ab:
Indicated exposure, not necessarily active infection
Immune ystem needs time to develop Abs
Abs come too late to be of clinical value

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8
Q

Method of action for Ab detection

A

IgM ( 1st Ab produced after exposure) → IgG (days to weeks

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9
Q

Reasons for positive Ab test

A

Previous exposure to pathogen or immunization against a pathogen
Cross reaction with other organism
Technical error

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10
Q

Reasons for negative Ab test

A

No exposure to the organism of interest
Too early in the course of infection
Severe immunosuppression
Poor sensitivity (prone to false negatives)

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11
Q

Ab detection characteristics

A

Large pops of animals may have Abs to infectious agents but dz may not occur
Vx induce Abs
Magnitude of tier doesn’t = magnitude of dz

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12
Q

Feline Coronavirus

A

Large, enveloped, single stranded RNA
Serotypes 1 and 2

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13
Q

Enteric Dz (FECV)

A

Kittens, mild self-limiting diarrhea
Benign, virus replicating in enterocytes

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14
Q

Feline Infectious peritonitis (FIP)

A

Fatal and progressive, systemic
Most common deaths from infectious

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of Feline corona virus

A

Internal mutation theory: 2 distinct circulating strains (virulent and avirulent)
Immune Dysregulation

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16
Q

Internal Mutation Theory

A

Initial infection: low pathogenicity
Mutation and multiply in macrophage: spike protein gene and pyogranulomatous infection

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17
Q

Immune dysregulation

A

Depletion of CD4 and CD8 cells
Production of TNF alpha, GM-CSF and G-CSF
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Impaired IFN alpha production

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18
Q

FIP dry form

A

Granulomatous infection of LN, kidneys, eyes, brain, liver and lung
Ileocolic junction

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19
Q

Wet form of FIP

A

No immune response (seen the most)
Pleural/ abdominal effusion (↑ protein and low cells)
↑ vascular permeability
Pyogranulomatous

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20
Q

Coronavirus signalment

A

Young <2y or old >10y
Abyssinians, bengals, burmese, ragdolls, rexs
Multiple cat housing

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21
Q

Coronavirus transmission

A

Oronasal infection
Shed from 1 w, chr. carriers

22
Q

CS of coronavirus

A

Leth. and inappetence with fluctuating fever
10% effusions and 10% neuro signs

23
Q

Coronavirus lab tests

A

Eosinopenia and lymphopenia
Hyperproteinemia (↓ albumin and ↑ globulins)
Rads, effusions, rivalta test (glob formed)

24
Q

Coronavirus effusions

A

High protein >3.5 g/DL
Low cells <5,000

25
Q

Coronavirus

A

Rt- PCR with CSF
Serology with blood, effusion or CSF
Pathology: histopath is gold standard

26
Q

Coronavirus tx

A

Pred, antiviralsm immunomodulators, pentoxyphyline
Remdesivir (newer meds)

27
Q

Prognosis of coronavirus

A

Grave with effusive form
Neg prog factors: lymphopenia and hyperbilirubinemia

28
Q

FIP vx

A

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) encapsulated mRNA
Not proven to be effective, interferes with testing

29
Q

FELV and FIV

A

Retroviruses
Most common infectious dz
Risk factors: outdoor, male, adult, aggressive
Easily disinfected

30
Q

FeLV

A

FeLV-A (transmitted between animals)
Transmission: close contact
Tumors, myelosupression, opportunistic infections

31
Q

Regressive infection of FeLV

A

Infection → replicating virus spreads systemically → shed in saliva → BM infected → persists for life
Early Ag (+) and late Ag (-)
Reactivation during stress

31
Q

Abortive stage of FeLV

A

Infection → replication in LN → good immunity
No viremia

32
Q

Regressive Infection of FeLV

A

Infection → replicating virus spreads systemically → shed in saliva → BM infected → persists for life
Early Ag (+) and late Ag (-)
Reactivation during stress

33
Q

Focal infection of FeLV

A

No virus in blood or marrow
Persistent replication of virus

33
Q
A
34
Q
A
34
Q

Progressive infection of FeLV

A

Development of FeLV associated dz
Marrow involved
Ag (+)
Viral load ↑

35
Q

FeLV opportunistic infection manifestations

A

Immunosuppression, URI, UTI
FIP stomatitis, fading kitten syndrome
Anemia (non-regen)

36
Q

FeLV neoplasias

A

FeLV-B
Insertional mutagensis (activation of proto-oncogenes)
Lymphoma, leukemia or fibrosarcoma

37
Q

Diagnostic testing for FeLV

A

Serology: p27 Ag
PCR: FeLV RNA or proviral DNA
IFA: FeLV Ag in blood cells

38
Q

Tx for FeLV

A

Avoid steroids
Tx lymphoma, opportunistic infections
Blood transfusions
Immunomodulators and antivirals

39
Q

Prognosis of FeLV

A

Good (ave 3y)
Negative prognostic indicator: lymphoma

40
Q

FeLV vx

A

Adjuvanted inactivated whole virus
Non-adjuvanted canary pox*
Recombinant subunit

41
Q

FIV

A

6 subtypes (A-F)- A and B widely distributed
Neuro dz, tumors and opportunistic infections
Bite wounds (saliva)

42
Q

Acute stage of FIV

A

3-6m, primary infection
Inoculation → replication → high viral load 2w post infection → ↓ T cells → transient illness
Persistent replication of virus

43
Q

Asymptomatic stage of FIV

A

T cells ↑, ↓ viral load
Slow progressive ↓ in T cells
T cells present but unable to respond

44
Q

Terminal phase of FIV

A

Disease presentation
Tumors (B cell lymphoma), neurological dz and opportunistic infection

45
Q

Chr. Stomatitis

A

More common in FIV cats
Invasion of plasma and lymphocytes → anprexia and emaciation
+/- calicivirus

46
Q

Dx testing for FIV

A

Serology: Ab to FIV (p24)
PCR: proviral DNA or viral RNA

47
Q

Tx of FIV

A

Oral hygiene (stomatitis), extractions
Pain: opioids, NSAIDs
Same tx as FeLV

48
Q

Prognosis of FIV

A

Good (ave 5y)
More aggressive in neonates and geriatrics

!Small Animal Medicine (37 decks)

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