Evaluation of Respiratory dysfunction

Question 1

Ventilation

Answer 1

Movement of the diaphragm
Mechanical action

Question 2

Respiration

Answer 2

Gas exchange (CO2 and O2)

Question 3

Hypercapnia

Answer 3

↑ CO2

Question 4

Hypoxemia

Answer 4

Primary resp. dz
Low PaO2 (primary effect) → low SpO2

Question 5

Etiologies of hypoxemia

Answer 5

Reduced FIO2 (conc of inhaled O2)
Hypoventilation
Diffusion impairment,
V/Q- ventilation- v perfusion mismatch
Anatomic shunting (R → L)

Question 6

Tachypnea

Answer 6

Rapid shallow breathing

Question 7

Cyanosis

Answer 7

Low levels of O2 in the blood causing bluish tint to membranes, skin, lips etc

Question 8

PaO2

Answer 8

Arterial gas exchange

Question 9

PAO2

Answer 9

Alveolar gas exchange

Question 10

SpO2

Answer 10

How much Hb is saturated with O2 in arterial blood

Question 11

FIO2

Answer 11

Concentration of inhaled O2

Question 12

What is FIO2 on room air

Question 13

What is FIO2 on a ventilator

Question 14

What elevation affects PIO2

Answer 14

Pressure of inspired O2 in the trachea
Higher elevation, lower PIO2

Question 15

PAO2 (alveolar gas equation)

Answer 15

PAO2= PIO2 - PAO2 x 1.1
PIO2 = FIO2 (Pbarometric- PH2O)
other values given

Question 16

V/Q

Answer 16

Ventilation/ perfusion

Question 17

↑ V/Q mismatch

Answer 17

Uneven resp. (doesn’t have the full ability for gas exchange
Normal ventilation and ↓ perfusion in lungs

Question 18

↓ V/Q mismatch

Answer 18

↓ ventilation or normal perfusion
Caused by obstruction
Improves if patient is treated with 100% O2