Liver Flashcards
compounds that cause canalicular cholestasis
Acetominophen
approximately 90% of APAP is conjugated with sulfate or glucuronide and excreted. This limits formation by CYPs of a reactive, toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI).
Most of the NAPQI is detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH),
Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 735). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that cause vanishing bile duct syndrome
antibiotics, anabolic steroids, contraceptive steroids, or the anticonvulsant carbamazepine Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 728). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
Cadmium
when cells exceed their capacity to sequester cadmium as a complex with the metal-binding protein, metallothionein (MT). Cadmium binding to sulfhydryl groups on proteins appears to be responsible for its toxic effect, but as with copper, activation of Kupffer cells and inflammation appear to play a role Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 748). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
thorium dioxide
Thorotrast
accumulates in Kupffer cells and emits radioactivity throughout its very extended half-life,
emits alpha particles
Multiple types of liver tumors
Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that cause inflammation
compounds that cause liver cancers
compounds that cause fibrosis and cirrhosis
compounds that cause peliosis
anabolic steroids and the drug danazol Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 729). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that cause sinusoidal endothelial damage
Carbon tetrachloride
Cytochrome P450-dependent conversion of CCl4 to trichloromethyl free radical then to the trichloromethyl peroxyl radical
primarily CYP2E1
Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 742). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
halothane
The trifluoroacetylhalide metabolite of halothane binds to proteins in the liver forming neoantigens that are recognized by the immune system leading to hepatitis.
Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 56). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that produce steatosis
antiepileptic drug valproic acid, the antiviral drug fialuridine, the solvent carbon tetrachloride, and protein synthesis inhibitors such as ethionine, puromycin, and cycloheximide. 4,4′-diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol, amiodarone, tamoxifen, perhexiline, amineptine, doxycycline, tetracycline, tianeptine, and pirprofen Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 728). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that cause liver regeneration
Iron
Accumulation of excess iron beyond the capacity for its safe storage in ferritin is initially evident in zone 1 HPCs, which are closest to the blood entering the sinusoid. Thus, the zone 1 pattern of HPC damage after iron poisoning is attributable to the location of the preferential uptake of iron and to the greater oxygen concentration in zone 1 that facilitates the injurious process of lipid peroxidation. Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 748). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
compounds that cause hepatocyte death
compounds that cause bile duct damage
compounds that cause steatosis
