Food Tox Flashcards
Brevetoxins
produced by dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium breve) and concentrated in filter-feeding organisms, bind to and open voltage-dependent sodium channels. Symptoms after human consumption include nausea, tingling, and numbness of the oral area, loss of motor control, and severe muscular ache, all of which resolve in a few days.
Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
saxitoxin
found in shellfish feeding on dinoflagellates; blockade of ion channels in neural transmission at neuromuscular junctions leads to paresthesia and muscular weakness.
Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
domoic acid
also found in shellfish; an analog of the neurotransmitter glutamine, it leads to damage to the hippocampus and other brain areas, causing various neurologic symptoms.
Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
tetrodotoxin
improperly prepared pufferfish. It causes paralysis of the central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cations, leading to muscular paralysis, respiratory distress, and sometimes death.
Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
Ciguatoxin
ciguatera toxin, gambiertoxin, and maitotoxin. They occur in marine fishes.
Ciguatoxins open voltage-gated sodium channels at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in membrane hyperexcitability, spontaneous repetitive neurotransmitter release, blockage of synaptic transmission, and depletion of synaptic vesicles.
Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 1344). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.
