DART

Question 1

Testicular dysgenesis syndrome

Answer 1

Question 2

FDA protocol segments

Answer 2

S1 - fertility and preimplantation and postimplantation viability

S2 - teratogenicity

S3 - postnatal survival, growth, and external morphology

S4 - Tox

Question 3

Retinoids

Answer 3

Excess vitamin A (retinol) has been known to be teratogenic in the rat for at least 60 years (Cohlan, 1954). Developing structures affected include the face, limbs, heart, central nervous system, and skeleton.

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 551). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 4

Antiepileptic Drugs

Answer 4

phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid, topiramate are considered human teratogens.

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 552). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 5

Fertility index

Answer 5

(percentage of mating resulting in pregnancy),

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 53). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 6

gestation index

Answer 6

(percentage of pregnancies resulting in live litters),

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 53). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 7

viability index

Answer 7

(percentage of animals that survive 4 days or longer),

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 53). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 8

lactation index

Answer 8

(percentage of animals alive at 4 days that survived the 21-day lactation period)

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 53). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 9

agatoxins

Answer 9

Funnel web spiders

α-agatoxins - noncompetitive antagonists of the glutamate receptor channels.

μ-agatoxins - specific for insect sodium channels.

ω-amatoxins - voltage-activated calcium channels.

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 1292). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.