Air pollution

Question 1

Nitrogen dioxide

Answer 1

deep lung irritant that can produce pulmonary edema

kerosine heaters, sidestream tobacco smoke

near-lethal high levels of NO2 can be liberated from fermenting fresh silage.

Exposures at 2.0 to 5.0 ppm have been shown to affect T lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ cells and natural killer cells that function in host defenses against viruses.

Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 2

reducing-type air pollution

Answer 2

characterized by SO2 and smoke,

stimulates bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 3

sulfuric acid

Answer 3

Unlike other irritants, such as O3, inhaled sulfuric acid does not appear to stimulate a classic neutrophilic lung inflammation.

Rather, eicosanoid homeostasis appears to be disturbed resulting in macrophage dysfunction and altered host defense.

Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 4

photochemical air pollution

Answer 4

In addition to O3, it comprises a mixture of nitric oxides (NOx), aldehydes, peroxyacetyl nitrates

Klaassen, Curtis D.; Watkins, John B.. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology, Third Edition (Lange) . McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.