ADME - Review Questions

Question 1

Delivery method for vital nutrients for fetal development

Answer 1

active transport

Question 2

Fluid character of cell membranes

Answer 2

somewhat dependent on UNsaturated fatty acids

Question 3

Reason for poor oral absorption of elemental mercury

Answer 3

large particle size

Question 4

pKa

Answer 4

molar ratio of ionized to nonionized molecules of a weak organic acid or base in solution depends on the ionization constant, which is defined as the pH at which a weak organic acid or base is 50% ionized (denoted as pKa or pKb for acids and bases, respectively).

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 161). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 5

in utero exposure to diethylstilbustrol

Answer 5

causes vaginal cancer in adulthood

Question 6

methemoglobinemia and infant GI

Answer 6

ingestion of well water with a high nitrate content produces methemoglobinemia much more frequently in infants than in adults. In this case, bacteria in the GI tract convert nitrate to nitrite, increasing the likelihood of methemoglobinemia (Mensinga et al., 2003). Infants are more susceptible to methemoglobinemia because the higher pH of the neonatal GI tract is permissive for the growth of bacteria (such as Escherichia coli) that convert nitrate to nitrite.

Klaassen, Curtis D.. Casarett & Doull’s Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 9th Edition (p. 168). McGraw-Hill Education. Kindle Edition.

Question 7

Efflux transporters in GI

Answer 7

P-gp, MRP2, BCRP