LIPIDS: Lipoproteins II

Question 1

Major protein found in HDL ; activates LCAT; ANTIATHEROGENIC

Answer 1

Apo A1

Question 2

Major Protein found in LDL ; Risk of CHD

Answer 2

Apo B100

Question 3

Independent risk factor ; Impaired Plasminogen Activation

Answer 3

Lipoprotein a

Question 4

LABORATORY METHODS FOR LIPOPOROTEINS

Answer 4

Ultracentrifugation
Electrophoresis

Question 5

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Based on Density and Shape
Sample is adjusted with Sodium Bromide and is centrifuged at high speed for 24 HOURS

Answer 5

Ultracentrifugation

Question 6

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Reference method for Lipoproteins

Answer 6

Ultracentrifugation

Question 7

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Order from MOST TO LEAST DENSE (ULTRACENTRIFUGATION)

Answer 7

1. HDL (bottom)
2. LDL
3. VLDL
4. Chylomicrons (Top;creamy layer)

Question 8

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Separation based on size and charge

Answer 8

Electrophoresis

Question 9

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Stains for Electrophoresis for Lipoprotein

Answer 9

Oil Red O
Sudan Black B
Sudan III
Sudan IV
Fat Red B

Question 10

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Arrangement from fastest/most anodic (Electrophoresis)

Answer 10

HDL > LDL > VLDL > CM

Question 11

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Test primarily used for Chylomicrons; Involves standing aliquot of plasma in Refrigerator for 4 deg celsius overnight

Answer 11

Standing Plasma Test

Question 12

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Standing Plasma Test: The aliquot remains turbid even after standing overnight

Answer 12

Excess BVLDL

Question 13

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Standing Plasma Test:

Presence of Chylomicrons at a Fasting Plasma

Answer 13

Abnormal

Question 13

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Polyanion Precipitation (3-step Precipitation Method)

Homogenous Assay

These test are used for the measurement of ?

Answer 13

HDL Measurement

Question 14

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

In Polyanion Precipitation (3-step Precipitation Method):

Agents used to precipitate Lipoprotein with Apo B

Answer 14

Dextran Sulfate
Heparin Sulfate
Phosphotungstate

Divalent cation:
Magnesium
Calcium
Manganese

Question 15

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

In Polyanion Precipitation (3-step Precipitation Method):

Reagents used

Answer 15

Heparin sulfate - Manganese Chloride
Dextran Sulfate - Magnesium Chloride

Question 16

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

In Polyanion Precipitation (3-step Precipitation Method):

HDL supernatant is measured using (2)

Answer 16

Cholesterol Oxidase
Cholesterol esterase

Question 17

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

In Polyanion Precipitation (3-step Precipitation Method):

Can be automated T/F

Answer 17

FALSE

POLYANION CANNOT BE AUTOMATED

Question 18

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

Used for HDL measurement; uses antibody to bind with Apo B100 (VLDL, LDL)

HDL then is measured ENZYMATICALLY

Principle is used in automated measurement

Answer 18

Homogenous Assay

Question 19

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

1. Friedawald Equation
2. Delong Equation
3. Beta Quantification
4. Homogenous Direct LDL Method
5. Gel Chromatography / Affinity Chromatography
6. Immunochemical
7. Immunoassay or immunonephelometry

Answer 19

LDL Measurement

Question 20

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

LDL Measurement suitable if TRG is <400

Answer 20

Friedwald Equation

Question 21

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

LDL = TC - (HDL + VLDL)
VLDL = TRG / 5 (g/dL)
VLDL = TRG / 2.175 (mmol/L)

Answer 21

Friedwald Equation

Question 22

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

LDL measurement used when TRG is >400 g/dl

Answer 22

Delong Equation

Question 23

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins:

LDL = TC - (HDL + VLDL)
VLDL = TRG / 6.5 (g/dL)
VLDL = TRG / 2.825 (mmol/L)

Answer 23

Delong Equation

Question 24

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: LDL measurement used in Research ; requires the used of Ultracentrifugation

Answer 24

Beta Quantification

Question 25

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: 1. Ultracentrifugation ( 18 hrs at 105 k x g) separate VLDL and CM 2. Remaining solution --> Measure Chole 3. Precipitate LDL ---> Measure Chole in Sln 4. Difference of the 2 measurement is the concentration of LDL

Answer 25

Beta Quantification

Question 26

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Useful when TG is elevated (>600 md/dL)

Answer 26

Homogenous Direct LDL Method

Question 27

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Uses 2 reagent First Reagent: remove non-LDL Second Reagent: releases cholesterol from LDL to be measured enzymatically

Answer 27

Homogenous Direct LDL Method

Question 28

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Immunoassay / Immunonepholometry Acceptable CV: TG

Answer 28

5 %

Question 29

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Immunoassay / Immunonepholometry Acceptable CV: TC

Answer 29

3 %

Question 30

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Immunoassay / Immunonepholometry Acceptable CV: HDL

Answer 30

4%

Question 31

Laboratory Method for Lipoproteins: Immunoassay / Immunonepholometry Acceptable CV: LDL

Answer 31

4%

Question 32

Provides evidence-based guidelines for cholesterol testing and management, CHD risk asssessment

Answer 32

NCEP National Cholesterol Education Program

Question 33

recognize additional positive risk for CHD, Lp(a), hs-CRP, preexisting subclinical atherosclerosis

Answer 33

ATP III Adult Treatment Panel III

Question 34

Can be subdivided into 2: 1. Hyperlipoprotenimia 2. Hypolipoprotenimia

Answer 34

Dyslipidemia

Question 35

Classified by Frederickson-Levy Classification System

Answer 35

Hyperlipoprotenimia

Question 36

Hyperlipoprotenimia can be subdivided into (3)

Answer 36

1. Hypercholesterolemia 2. Hypertriglyceridemia 3. combined hyperlipidemia