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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > Endrocrinology > Flashcards

Endrocrinology Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical messengers in the body to produce biochemical changes; Increase level of activity of a process

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Major Function of Hormone

A

Feedback Mechanism

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3
Q

Feedback Mechanism consists of (2)

A
  1. Positive Feedback Mechanism
  2. Negative Feedback Mechanism
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4
Q

Decrease in the product; Increases the activity of the system and the production rate

A

Positive Feedback Mechanism

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5
Q

Increase in the product decreases the activity of the system and the production rate

A

Negative Feedback

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6
Q
  1. Each Hormone is produced in a specific Endocrine gland
  2. Hormones are released into blood circulation and carried to site of action as FREE hormone or bound to transport protein
  3. Each hormone acts at a specific site (target organs) to induce certain characteristics, biochemical changes
A

Characteristics of Hormone

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7
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

TRH, CRF, GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

FSH
LH
GH
PRL
TSH
ACTH

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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9
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Vasopressin
Oxytocin

A

Posterior Pituitary Glans (Storage only)

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10
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla

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11
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Cortisol
II-Deoxycortisol
Aldosterone

A

Adrenal Cortex

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12
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

T3
T4
Calcitonin

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

PTH

A

Parathyroid

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14
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Insulin
Glucagons

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Estrogens

A

Ovaries

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16
Q

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Testosterone
other Androgens

A

Testes

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17
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Act directly upon themselves

A

Autocrine

18
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Act adjuscent to the cells of origin

A

Paracrine

19
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Acts within the cell of origin without exiting the cells

A

Intracrine

20
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Secreted in one location and release into BLOOD CIRCULATION, binds to specific receptor to elicit action

A

Endocrine

21
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Secreted in endocrine cells and remains in relation to plasma membrane

Acts on immediately adjascent cells by DIRECT CELL TO CELL contact

A

Juxtacrine

22
Q

Types of Hormone Actions:

Endocrine cells and interacts with receptors of cells at distant site

SECRETED INTO DUCTS

A

Exocrine

23
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

About 2/3 of hormones are proteins or peptides

Does not require transport proteins

A

Proteins/Peptides

Insulin, PTH, LH, FSH, TRH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, Calcitonin, Glucagon, TSH. HCG

24
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Primarily involved in regulation of sexual development and characteristics ; Require Transport Protein

A

Steroid

25
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Main component of Steroid

A

Cholesterol

26
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Steroid containing hormones

A

Cortisol
Estrogen
Estradiol
Estrone
Progesterone
Testosterone
Androgen

27
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Tyrosine as the precursor; can convert to Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Amino Acid

28
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Amino acid containing hormones

A

T3
T4
Ephinephrine
Norepinephrine

29
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

classification of hormones that is being formed from ARACHIDONIC ACID

A

Fatty Acid

30
Q

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Fatty acid containing hormones

A

Prostaglandin

31
Q

Located in the walls and floor of third ventricle

A

Hypothalamus

32
Q

Link between ng CNS and endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

Produces OXYTOCIN and VASOPRESSIN (ADH)

A

Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

34
Q

Gland that attaches to the midbrain ; responsible in producing MELATONIN

A

Pineal gland

35
Q

Hormone that inhibits Melanin; sleeping hormone; Maintains Circadian Rhythm

A

Melatonin

36
Q

TRH secretes

A

TSH
Prolactin

37
Q

GnRH secretes

A

LH
FSH

38
Q

CRH secretes

A

ACTH

39
Q

GHRH secretes

A

GH

40
Q

Somatostatin inhibits

A

TSH
GH

41
Q

Dopamine inhibits

A

Prolactin

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (29 decks)

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