Endrocrinology

Question 1

Chemical messengers in the body to produce biochemical changes; Increase level of activity of a process

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

Major Function of Hormone

Answer 2

Feedback Mechanism

Question 3

Feedback Mechanism consists of (2)

Answer 3

1. Positive Feedback Mechanism
2. Negative Feedback Mechanism

Question 4

Decrease in the product; Increases the activity of the system and the production rate

Answer 4

Positive Feedback Mechanism

Question 5

Increase in the product decreases the activity of the system and the production rate

Answer 5

Negative Feedback

Question 6

1. Each Hormone is produced in a specific Endocrine gland
2. Hormones are released into blood circulation and carried to site of action as FREE hormone or bound to transport protein
3. Each hormone acts at a specific site (target organs) to induce certain characteristics, biochemical changes

Answer 6

Characteristics of Hormone

Question 7

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

TRH, CRF, GnRH

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

FSH
LH
GH
PRL
TSH
ACTH

Answer 8

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Question 9

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Vasopressin
Oxytocin

Answer 9

Posterior Pituitary Glans (Storage only)

Question 10

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine

Answer 10

Adrenal Medulla

Question 11

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Cortisol
II-Deoxycortisol
Aldosterone

Answer 11

Adrenal Cortex

Question 12

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

T3
T4
Calcitonin

Answer 12

Thyroid

Question 13

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

PTH

Answer 13

Parathyroid

Question 14

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Insulin
Glucagons

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Estrogens

Answer 15

Ovaries

Question 16

Classification of Hormones by Tissue Origin:

Testosterone
other Androgens

Answer 16

Testes

Question 17

Types of Hormone Actions:

Act directly upon themselves

Answer 17

Autocrine

Question 18

Types of Hormone Actions:

Act adjuscent to the cells of origin

Answer 18

Paracrine

Question 19

Types of Hormone Actions:

Acts within the cell of origin without exiting the cells

Answer 19

Intracrine

Question 20

Types of Hormone Actions:

Secreted in one location and release into BLOOD CIRCULATION, binds to specific receptor to elicit action

Answer 20

Endocrine

Question 21

Types of Hormone Actions:

Secreted in endocrine cells and remains in relation to plasma membrane

Acts on immediately adjascent cells by DIRECT CELL TO CELL contact

Answer 21

Juxtacrine

Question 22

Types of Hormone Actions:

Endocrine cells and interacts with receptors of cells at distant site

SECRETED INTO DUCTS

Answer 22

Exocrine

Question 23

Hormone Classification by Structure:

About 2/3 of hormones are proteins or peptides

Does not require transport proteins

Answer 23

Proteins/Peptides

Insulin, PTH, LH, FSH, TRH, ACTH, Prolactin, GH, Calcitonin, Glucagon, TSH. HCG

Question 24

Hormone Classification by Structure:

Primarily involved in regulation of sexual development and characteristics ; Require Transport Protein

Answer 24

Steroid

Question 25

Hormone Classification by Structure: Main component of Steroid

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

Hormone Classification by Structure: Steroid containing hormones

Answer 26

Cortisol Estrogen Estradiol Estrone Progesterone Testosterone Androgen

Question 27

Hormone Classification by Structure: Tyrosine as the precursor; can convert to Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 27

Amino Acid

Question 28

Hormone Classification by Structure: Amino acid containing hormones

Answer 28

T3 T4 Ephinephrine Norepinephrine

Question 29

Hormone Classification by Structure: classification of hormones that is being formed from ARACHIDONIC ACID

Answer 29

Fatty Acid

Question 30

Hormone Classification by Structure: Fatty acid containing hormones

Answer 30

Prostaglandin

Question 31

Located in the walls and floor of third ventricle

Answer 31

Hypothalamus

Question 32

Link between ng CNS and endocrine system

Answer 32

Hypothalamus

Question 33

Produces OXYTOCIN and VASOPRESSIN (ADH)

Answer 33

Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei

Question 34

Gland that attaches to the midbrain ; responsible in producing MELATONIN

Answer 34

Pineal gland

Question 35

Hormone that inhibits Melanin; sleeping hormone; Maintains Circadian Rhythm

Answer 35

Melatonin

Question 36

TRH secretes

Answer 36

TSH Prolactin

Question 37

GnRH secretes

Answer 37

LH FSH

Question 38

CRH secretes

Answer 38

ACTH

Question 39

GHRH secretes

Answer 39

GH

Question 40

Somatostatin inhibits

Answer 40

TSH GH

Question 41

Dopamine inhibits

Answer 41

Prolactin