Carbohydrates Flashcards
Hydrates of aldehyde or ketone derivatives based on carboxyl functional group
Carbohydrates
Different Classifications of Carbohydrates:
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Starch and Cellulose
Polysaccharide
simplest carbohydrate
Glycol aldehyde
Only carbohydrate that can be used directly for energy
Glucose
Glucose Metabolism intermediate products:
- Pyruvic acid
- Lactic Acid
- Acetyl Coenzyme A
Glucose Metabolism after COMPLETE OXIDATION:
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- ATP
Reducing sugars are:
Glucose
Galactose
Maltose
Lactose
Fructose
Non-Reducing Sugars:
Sucrose
Trehalose (Found in mushroom)
Produced by the Beta Cells of Pancreatic islets of langerhans ;
Promotes entry of cells in LIVER, MUSCLE, AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
Insulin
Produced by DELTA cells of pancreatic islet of Langerhans; INHIBITS secretion insulin, glucagon and growth hormones
Somatostatin
Produced by Anterior pituitary gland known to be a INSULIN ANTAGONIST
Growth Hormone
ACTH (secretes cortisol)
Secreted by Adrenal Gland
stimulates NEO-LI-GLY
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
Glycogenolysis
Cortisol / Glucocorticoids
Produced by MEDULLA of the adrenal gland. It stimulates GLY-Li
Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis
Epinephrine / Adrenaline
Secreted by the ALPHA CELLS of pancreatic islets of langerhan; stimulates NEO-GLY
MAJOR HYPERGLCEMIC AGENT
Glucagon
Produced by thyroid gland; increased absorption of glucose from intestine
Thyroxine
Glucose –> Pyruvate/Lactate + ATP
For Energy use
Glycolysis