Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > Endocrine: Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Endocrine: Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Also known as hypophysis: Master gland

A

Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All pituitary hormones are characterized with

A

Circardian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Release other hormones

A

Tropic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Feedback loop
Pulsatile secretion
Diurnal Rhythms
Environmental and External modification

A

Features of pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hormones secreted in the morning:

A

ACAI

ACTH
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormones secreted or high in the Evening:

A

PTAG

PTH
TSH
ACP
GH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peak at: 4-6 am or 6-8am
Low: 8-12am

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peak at: 4-8am & 8-10pm

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subject to external modulation and generally influenced or modified by higher neutral input

A

Open-Loop Negative Feedback System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Open-Loop Negative Feedback System (3)

A

Short Feedback Loop - Pituitary

Long Feedback Loop - Hypothalamus

Ultra-Short Loop - Hypothalamus and Pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pituitary Hormones classification (2)

A

Tropic - stimulates activity of other endocrine glands

Direct Effector - direct effect in pheripheral tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anatomy: Three (3) Major Parts of Pituitary

A
  1. Anterior Pituitary /Adenohypophysis
  2. Intermediate lobe / Pars Intermediate
  3. Posterior or Neurohypophysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Considered not true endocrine gland

A

Posterior Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pituitary tumors

<1 cm

A

Microadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pituitary Hormone

> 1cm

A

Microadenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ANTERIOR LOBE:

Five types of cell by Immunological Test

A
  1. Somatotrophs (GH)
  2. Gonadotrophs (LH, FSH)
  3. Thythroph (TSH)
  4. Lactotrophs /Mammotroph (Prolactin)
  5. Corticotrophs (ACTH, B-endorphins, B-lipoproteins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ovary Ovulation and Progesterone production

Testosterone synthesis by Testes

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ovaries (Estrogen synthesis and Oogenesis)

Testis (Spermatogenesis)

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyroid Function

A

TSH (T3 and T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Glucocorticoid synthesis; adrenal steroidgenesis

A

ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IGF-1 Synthesis; metabolism in numerous tissues to produce growth factors

A

GH (Direct Effector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lactation

A

Prolactin (Direct Effector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Precursor of endorphins

A

B-lipoprotein

24
Q

Most abundant of all pituitary hormones

A

Growth Hormones

25
Q

Growth Hormones is controlled by

A

GnRH
Somatostatin

26
Q

Stimulate secretion of GHRH is

27
Q

Growth Hormone is similar to:

A

Prolactin
Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

28
Q

Excessive Growth hormone seen in adults

A

Acromegaly

29
Q

Excess GH in children

30
Q

Deficient GH

31
Q

Growth Hormone Deficiency Tests:

  1. Gold Standard
  2. 2nd confirmatory test
A
  1. Insulin Tolerance Test (<50-55 mg /dL: Coma/CNS problems)
  2. L-Dopa / Arginine Stimulation Test (stimulate release of GH; every 30 mins monitoring)
32
Q

Growth Hormone Excess:

Screening Test
Confirmatory

A

Screening Test: Somatomedin C
Confirmatory: OGGT (75 grams)

33
Q

OGTT Normal Values

A

Normal - GH undetectable after glucose load

Acromegaly - GH is not supressed

34
Q

Amino acid is similar to GH

35
Q

Prolactin acts in conjugation with ____ and ___

A

Estrogen and Progesterone

36
Q

Prolactin

Specimen Requirement

A

3-4 hrs after patient wakes up

37
Q

Peak time of Prolactin

A

4-8am
8-10pm

38
Q

Major inhibitory factor of Prolactin

39
Q

3 forms of circulating prolactin:

A
  1. Non-glycosylated monomer
  2. Big prolactin
  3. macro-prolactin
40
Q

3 forms of circulating prolactin:

major form of prolactin

A

Non-glycosylated monomer

41
Q

3 forms of circulating prolactin:

dimeric and trimeric glycosylated form

A

Big prolactin

42
Q

3 forms of circulating prolactin:

Less physiologically active form

A

Macro-prolactin

43
Q

Galactorrhea
Amenorhea
Pituitary Adenoma

A

Hyperprolactinoma

44
Q

Most common cause of Pituitary Tumor ; anovulation

A

Prolactinoma

45
Q

Not a true Pituitary gland; only stores

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

46
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland Stores

A

Oxytocin
Vasopressin /ADH

47
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Stimulates CONTRACTION of gravid uterus ; SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS ; orgasm

48
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Plays a role in hemostasis at placental site; useful in predicting Pre-term labor and Tumor (Oat cell carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of pancreas)

49
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Major function of ADH to maintain osmotic homeostasis by regulating water balance (DCT and Collecting tubes)

A

Vasopressin /ADH

50
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Maintenance of blood volume, pressure, tonicity

A

Vasopressin /ADH

51
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Vasopressin /ADH diagnostics test

A

Water Deprivation Test

8-12 HRS W/O FLUID
Measure osmolality
NORMAL: not more than 300 mOsm/kg

INCREASED: ETHANOL POISONING

52
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Deficient in ADH
Normal ADH receptors
Large Volume of Urine excreted (Polyuria)

A

True Diabetes Insipidus
(Diabetic, Neurogenic, Cranial, Central Diabetes)

53
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Normal ADH
Abnomal ADH receptors
Failure of kidney to respond to elevated ADH

Urine Output >2.5 L/day

A

Nephrogenic DI

54
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

Nephrogenic DI diagnostic Test

A

Water deprivation Test

55
Q

POSTERIOR LOBE:

uncontrolled secretion of ADH without any known stimulus for release. ADH is released even blood volume is normal or increased and plasma osmolality is low

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions