LIPID METABOLISM 2

Question 1

_____________ is 90% of dietary lipids
emulsified by

Answer 1

triacylglycerol
bile

Question 2

fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are reciprocally regulated

___________ state: storage is favored

Answer 2

fed state

Question 3

fatty acid synthesis and oxidation are reciprocally regulated

___________ state: FA oxidation is favored as fats serve as fuel in place of glucose

Answer 3

fasting state

Question 4

TAGs are stored in _________

Answer 4

adipocytes

Question 5

____________ lipase hydrolyses TAG to free fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 5

hormone sensitive lipase

Question 6

at low carbohydrate and insulin concentrations, TG hydrolysis is stimulated by increased ___________

Answer 6

epinephrine

Question 7

in storage and mobilization of fatty acids and adipocytes

epinephrine will bind to _____________ receptor and will activate __________

Answer 7

beta adrenergic receptor
protein kinase A

Question 8

fatty acid oxidation occurs mainly in the _______ and _______

Answer 8

liver and skeletal muscles

Question 9

active form of fatty acid

Answer 9

fatty acid acyl co-A

Question 10

in cytosol, FA are activated by esterification to CoAsh by _________

net of ______ ATPs are consumed

Answer 10

acyl-coA synthetase
2

Question 11

4 steps of beta oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 11

oxidation
hydration
oxidation
cleavage/thiolysis

Question 12

beta oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix

1st step oxidation of the ________
removal of _________- by FAD to FADH2

enzyme: _______________
product: ____________

Answer 12

beta carbon
hydrogen
Acyl coA dehydrogenase
trans unsaturated enoyl CoA

Question 13

beta oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix

2nd step is incorporation of H20
enzyme _______
product _______

Answer 13

enoyl coa hydratase
3,-hydroxyacyl COA

Question 14

beta oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix

3rd step hydrogen is removed

enzyme: _______________
product: ______________

Answer 14

enzyme: 3-L hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase
product: beta ketoacyl CoA

Question 15

beta oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix

4th step cleavage between alpha and beta carbon with the help of CoAsh

enzyme: ______________
product: ______________

Answer 15

enzyme: acyl-CoA acetyltransferase/ thiolase
product: fatty acyl CoA + Acetyl CoA

Question 16

most of acetyl-CoA from beta oxidation enters krebs

however some form ketone bodies such as __________, ________, and ________-

Answer 16

acetoacetate
beta hydroxybutyrate
acetone

Question 17

control points for FA oxidation

fed state: insuline levels _______

Answer 17

increases

Question 18

insuline stimulates formation of ________ which inhibits meow

Answer 18

Malonyl CoA
CAT 1

Question 19

control points for FA oxidation

fasted state: ______ and ________
glucagon inactivates _________ synthesis enzyme

Answer 19

malonyl CoA

Question 20

two main enzymes of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 20

fatty acid synthase
acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 21

coenzymes and cofactors of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 21

biotin, NADPH, magnesium, manganese

Question 22

catalyzes first and committed step of FA synthesis

________ dependent

Answer 22

acetyl-coa carboxylase
biotin

Question 23

acetyl coa carboxylase is hormonally regulated by ________ and _______ which stimulates _________ of enzyme

Answer 23

glucagon and epinephrine
phosphorylation