DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION 1 Flashcards

1
Q

elaboration of fluid (lubricate and moisten food)

A

salivary gland

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2
Q

elaboration of HCl and digestive enzymes

A

Stomach

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3
Q

elaboration of bicarbonate and enzymes for intraluminal digestion

A

pancreas

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4
Q

elaboration of bile acids

A

liver

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5
Q

storage and concentration of bile

A

gallbladder

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5
Q

terminal digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

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6
Q

absorption of electrolytes

A

large intestine

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7
Q

expressed on the endothelial cells, smooth muscle, brain and nerve endings
causes dilation of blood vessel

A

H1

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7
Q

produced from the decarboxylation of histidine, found in skin, lungs, and GIT, released from mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and enterochromaffin cells

produces H1,H2,H3,H4

A

hIistamine

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8
Q

expressed in gastric parietal cells and causes release of HCl

A

H2

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9
Q

parietal cells has 3 receptors

A

ach, gastrin, and histamine

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10
Q

produces by G cells which are located at the pyloric glands acts on gastrin inhibitor

A

gastrin hormones

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11
Q

synthesized from tryptophan

upon the action of GIT where there is a peristaltic movement there will be constriction of smooth muscle

A

serotonin

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12
Q

peptide of 34 amino acids which is cleaved to yield little gastrin which is comprised of 17 residues

A

big Gastrin

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13
Q

synergistic with CCK
gastrin activates the H2 receptor of parietal hormones and therefore HCl will be released
somatostatin will be released to turn of gastrin release

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

stimulates gallbladder contraction which releases CCK and pancreatic enzymes

works hand in hand with secretin when taking in a fatty meal and will stimulate the gallbladder to release the bile acid that will emulsify fats

15
Q

stimulates duct cells to produce bile acids

functions in gastric emptying

16
Q

initiated by sight or taste of food, grumbling sound of stomach

A

cephalic phase

17
Q

activates gastric activity of stomach

secretion of Ach, Histamine, and Gastrin

A

Gastric phase

18
Q

occurs in the duodenum as a response for the arriving chyme and it moderates the gastric activity by the nervous reflexes and hormones

A

intestinal phase

19
Q

conditionally essential protein

A

arginine, tyrosine, glutamine and cysteine

20
Q

hydrolyze peptide bonds between specific amino acids throughout the molecule

cleave large polypeptides to smaller oligopolypeptides

A

endopeptidases

21
Q

catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds one at a time from the ends of the peptides

A

exopeptidases

22
Q

released in pancreatic juices which releases amino acid at the carboxy terminal

A

carboxypeptidases

23
secreted by intestinal mucosal cells which releases amino acid at the amino terminal
amino peptidases
24
found on the brush border of intestinal mucosal cells which catalyze the hydrolysis of dipeptide and tripeptide which are amino and carboxypeptidase
dipeptidases and tripeptidases
25
involved un curdling of milk absent in adults , found on stomach of infants
renin/chymosin
26
villi of intestine are atrophied/blunting of villi due to intolerance of protein gluten
celiac disease
27
inability to reabsorb amino acids manifests are excretion of amino acids in urine
neutral amino acid aciduria
28
disorder of the proximal tubule reabsorption amino acid cysteine
cystinuria
29
six mutations in SLC6A19 low level of of neutral amino acid; specifically on tryptophan which is important in synthesis of vitamin B3
hartnups disease