IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 2 Flashcards
_____________ is the most abundant type of white blood cell, ingest and destroy invading bacteria and fungi by a process known as phagocytosis while eosinophils phagocytize larger parasites
neutrophils
circulating _________ migrate from the bloodstream to diseased tissues where they differentiate into phagocytic macrophages
monocytes
granulocytes such as ________ and _________ released stored effectors that attract additional leukocytes to the site of infection and trigger an inflammatory response
basophils, mast cells
____________ and ___________ target virally infected and malignantly transformed host cells
cytotoxic t cells and natural killer cells
leukocytes and endothelial cells contain cell surface lectins called ___________ which participate in intracellular adhesion
they are single chain calcium binding transmembrane proteins; the amino terminals contain a lectin domain which is involved in binding to specific carbohydrate ligands
selectins
selectins bind _______ and __________
sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides
__________ have selectin ligands on their surfaces which may have a role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells
cancer cells
_____________- the lack of the beta 2 subunit (also designated CD18) of LFA-1 and of two related integrins found in neutrophils and macrophages
type 1 leukocyte adhesion deficiency
__________ and _________ impairs the ability of the affected leukocyte to adhere to vascular endothelial cells impeding diapedesis
MAC 1(CD11b/18) and P150,95 (CD11c/18)
lymphocytes that have yet to be stimulated to produce immunoglobulins are said to be _______
naive
macrophages, neutrophils, and phagocytic lymphocytes called ___________ display or present fragments of macromolecules they have destroyed by phagocytosis
plasma cells
__________ recognize proteins that appear on the surface of host cells as a consequence of viral infection or oncogenic transformation
cytotoxic t cells
____________ resemble cytotoxic t cells but contain granules holding additional toxic chemicals to aid in their attack
natural killer cells
every individual contains clonally derived lymphocytes of each clone having arisen from a single precursor and being capable of recognizing and responding to a specific antigenic determinant
clonal selection hypothesis
B lymphocytes can be
PM
Plasma cells
Memory B cells
cells that have been exposed to an antigen and are readily converted to effector cells by a later encounter with the same antigen
memory b cells
membrane immunoglobulin of B lymphocyte in BL receptor complex
IgM and IgD
involved in graft rejection hypersensitivity reactions and many defense against malignant cells and many viruses
t lymphocytes
t cells exert their effects by synthesizing and releasing ______
hormone like proteins that act by binding specific receptors on their target cells
cytokines
destroys transplanted and virus-infected cells
CD8 T cells
with granzymes and perforins
cytotoxic t cells
CD4 t cells
they get their name from the help they provide to effector cells
B cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes
Helper T cells
type of helper t cells
concerned with cellular immunity
controls intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria (Listeria and myobacterium tuberculosis)
T helper 1 (Th1)
type of t helper cell
interact primarily with B cells in relation to humoral immunity
essential production of IgE
IL4
T helper 2 (Th2)
Type of t helper cell
provided help to B cells enabling them to develop into antibody secreting plasma cells
found in lymph nodes and they are the most abundant helper t cells
T follicular helper cells
