Lesson 7: Relationship Building, Interviews + Risk Factors Flashcards
What 3 attributes are essential to successful relationships?
empathy
warmth
genuineness
What distance from the client is considered ideal?
1 1/2 to 4 feet
What is considered as effective non-verbal communication?
- distance and orientation (body positioning) whereby the trainer faces the client and maintains appropriate distance
- posture and position whereby the trainer adopts an open, well-balanced, relaxed posture with a slight forward lean to show confidence and interest
- mirroring and gestures whereby the trainer sensitively mimics the client’s gesture and tone to help place ease
- constant eye contact that is relaxed and instills comfort
- facial expressions that convey emotion and work to the trainer’s benefits
What 3 postures/positions can convey disinterest, fatigue, aggressive behaviour and/or defensive behaviour from a trainer?
- leaning on a desk/wall and stooping suggests boredom and fatigue
- rigid hands on hips can be interpreted as aggressive behaviour
- crossing arms/legs conveys a closed/defensive stance
What are the 4 different levels of listening?
- indifferent: not really listening/tuned out
- selective: listens only to key words
- passive: gives the impression of listening by using minimal noncommittal agreements
- active: shows empathy/listens
What is the difference between cognitive and affective messages?
Cognitive messages are more factual whereas affective ones are composed of feelings, emotions, behaviours and often expressed in verbal + nonverbal communication
What interview techniques can and should you use?
- minimal encouragement
- paraphrasing
- probing
- reflecting
- clarifying
- informing
- confronting
- questioning
- deflecting
What is the difference between paraphrasing and reflecting?
Paraphrasing is responding to the client’s communication by restating the essence of the content whereas reflecting is restating the feelings.
What is confronting?
Using mild to strong feedback with a client to encourage accountability/improvement.
Why is deflecting ill-advised?
deflecting is changing the focus of one individual to another and usually devalues or diminishes the communication, therefore, it shouldn’t be used unless the trainer is trying to show empathy with appropriate experiences.
What are 4 different styles of communication? Briefly describe each.
- preaching: judgement and delivers info in a lecture-type format
- educating: informational and provides relevant info in a concise manner
- counseling: supporting, utilizing collaborative effort to problem-solve
- directing: instructive and directional
What is done after a trainer has developed a foundation of rapport through effective communication + appropriate interview techniques?
The PT should identify the client’s readiness to change behaviour and the stage they’re at in the behavioural change process.
What is the purpose of a pre-participation screening?
- identify the presence/absence of known cardiovascular, pulmonary and/or metabolic disease or any signs/symptoms
- identify those with medical contraindications who should be excluded from exercise until these are corrected
- detecting at-risk individuals who should first undergo medical evaluation and clinical exercise testing before initiating exercise
- identify individuals with medical conditions who should participate in medically supervised programs
What is the PAR-Q?
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire is a short and simple medical/health questionnaire that serves as a minimal health-risk appraisal prerequisite, is non-invasive to administer but limited by its lack of detail.
If someone has many flags on a PAR-Q, what should you do?
conduct a more in-depth health-risk appraisal
What are the reasons for performing a risk stratification prior to engaging in a physical activity program?
To determine:
- the presence or absence of known cardiovascular, pulmonary and/or metabolic disease
- the presence/absence of cardiovascular risk factors
- the presence/absence of signs/symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular, pulmonary and/or metabolic disease
What are the 3 basic steps for the risk stratification process?
- Identifying coronary artery disease risk factors
- Performing a risk stratification based on CAD risk factors
- Determining the need for a medical exam/clearance and medical supervision
In risk stratification, there is a negative point for what?
A high level of High Density Lipoprotein, a point is subtracted if their HDL Cholesterol is equal to or exceeds 60mg/dL
What age constitutes as a positive point during risk stratification?
Men ≥ 45
Women ≥ 55
What family history constitutes as a positive risk factor during risk stratification?
Myocardial infarction
Coronary Revascularization
Sudden death before 55 years of age in father or other 1st degree male relatives or 65 year of age in mother/1st degree female relatives
What history of cigarette smoking constitutes as a positive risk factor during risk stratification?
If they are a current smoker or if they quit within the last 6 months or are usually exposed to second-hand smoke
A sedentary lifestyle constitutes as a positive risk factor during risk stratification, how little exercise does this involve?
Not participating in at least 30 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity on at least 3 days of the week for at least 3 months
What BMI/Waist Girth of obesity constitutes as a positive risk factor during risk stratification?
BMI ≥ 30kg/m2
Waist Girth > 102cm/40 inches for men
Waist Girth > 88cm/35 inches for women
Hypertension is a positive risk factor during risk stratification, what are the BP levels that show this?
SBP ≥ 140mmHg
DBP ≥ 90mHg
Confirmed on 2 or more separate occasion
OR currently on antihypertensive medications