Lesson 19: Exercise and Special Populations Programming Flashcards
What 3 factors does the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention estimate a reduction in would dramatically reduce chronic disease?
- Poor diet
- Physical inactivity
- Smoking
What is the SOAP note an acronym for?
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
What is the SOAP Note used for?
It is used by healthcare providers to document patient progress.
SOAP stands for subjective, objective, assessment and plan - what does each of these mean?
- Subjective is the observations that include the client’s own status report with a description of symptoms, challenges, progression.
- Objective is measurements of vital signs, height, weight, age, posture, nutrition log and exercise test results.
- Assessment is a brief summary of their current status based on both subjective and objective measurements.
- Plan is the next steps within the program.
Over time, what do SOAP notes document patterns of?
a client’s self-image
What is a comorbidity?
When someone has more than one disorder.
What are 6 cardiovascular disorders that around 80.7 million Americans suffer from?
Dyslipidemia Coronary Artery Disease Congestive Heart Failure Hypertension Stroke Peripheral Vascular Disease
What are 7 well-established risk factors that contribute to cardiovascular disease?
- Family history
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Age
- Dyslipidemia
- Lifestyle
Atherosclerotic Heart Disease/Coronary Artery Disease is characterized by?
A narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen.
What is Atherosclerotic Heart Disease/CAD a result of/to?
It is an inflammatory response within the arterial walls resulting from an initial injury - due to HBP, elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, elevated blood glucose or other chemical agents - and the deposition of lipid-rich plaque and calcified cholesterol.
What are myocardial infarctions a result of?
They are a result of the rupture of vulnerable plaques and the release of thrombotic substances that narrow or completely constrict the diameter of an artery.
What is Atherosclerosis the underlying cause of?
Cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases
What are some indications of Atherosclerosis? (4)
Angina, heart attack, stroke, intermittent claudication.
What is claudication?
A pain that is caused by too little blood flow to your legs and arms.
What is dyslipidemia?
An abnormal amount of lipids within your blood.
What test should all clients with documented CAD have done and why?
A maximal graded exercise test that is supervised by a physician.
This determines their functional capacity and cardiovascular status to establish a safe exercise level.
What defines a low-risk cardiac client?
- an uncomplicated clinical course in the hospital
- no evidence of resting or exercise-induced ischemia
- functional capacity greater than 7 METs after 3 weeks of any hospitalization
- normal ventricular function with an ejection fraction greater than 50%
- no significant resting or exercise-induced arrhythmias
What are the workout/session guidelines for clients with CAD?
Perform one set of 12-15 reps using 8-10 exercises that target major muscle groups twice a week.
What are some signs/symptoms of cardiovascular disease or issues that would cause a PT to terminate an exercise session?
- angina
- dyspnea (extreme shortness of breath)
- lightheadedness/dizziness
- pallor (pale appearance)
- rapid heart rate above targets
What type of exercises should be avoided when working with a client with CAD and why?
Isometric exercises because they can dramatically raise BP and that associated work of the heart.
What intensity should clients with CAD start and progress to?
Low risk CAD clients just beginning an exercise programme should start at 40-50% of HRR or an RPE of 9-10 or 20-30 beats over their resting heart rate.
Low risk clients that already exercise can progress to an intensity of 60-85% of HRR, RPE 11-14.
What should the duration of exercise be when working with clients with CAD?
The total duration should be gradually increased to 30 mins or more of continuous interval training with warm-up/cool down time added.
What is the frequency of exercise for clients with CAD?
3-5 days of aerobic training
2 days of resistance
What is considered as high blood pressure and low blood pressure?
High is when your systolic blood pressure is equal to or over 140mmHg and low is when your diastolic blood pressure is equal to or lower than 90mmHg