Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ACE Personal Training > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
ACE ® Health Coach flashcards
1
Q

What hormones are released from the pituitary gland? (9)

A
  • Growth Hormone
  • Antidiuretic Hormone (vasopressin)
  • Oxytocin
  • Follicle stimulating hormone
  • Luteinizing hormone
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone
  • Adrenocorticotropin hormone
  • Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormones are released from the adrenal glands? (3)

A
  • Catecholamines- Epinephrine/Norepinephrine
  • Mineralocorticoids - Aldosterone
  • Glucocorticoids - Cortisol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hormones are released from the pancreas?

A

Insulin and Glucagon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormone is released from the testes?

A

Testosterone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormone is released from the ovaries?

A

Estrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the growth hormone do?

A

stimulates general growth and skeletal growth and promotes metabolic functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does vasopressin / antidiuretic hormone do?

A

Helps to reduce urinary secretion of water during dehydration (from sweating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the catecholamines do?

A

Increase cardiac output and help the liver break down glucose for release in to the bloodstream and for use by active muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Limits sodium excretion to aid electrolyte balance during exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does cortisol do?

A

Maintains blood glucose levels during prolonged exercise by promoting protein and triglyceride breakdown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When is insulin released and what does it faciliate?

A

Insulin is released when blood glucose levels are too high and so it facilitates glucose removal from the blood and other tissues so that the levels can return to normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

Glucagon does the opposite than insulin, it releases glucose back into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels are too low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

It is the primary male sex hormone and has muscle building effects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

It is the primary female sex hormone and help bone formation and maintenance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 responses to a release of epinephrine and nonepinephrine?

A
  1. Increase in cardiac output/contractions
  2. Generalized vasoconstriction in non-active muscles
  3. Stimulates mobilization of carbs/fats for fuel and increase of liver glycogen production
  4. Dilation of respiratory passages to aid ventilation and reduce digestive/urinary activity
  5. Vasodilation of blood vessels in heart and active skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to insulin/glucagon levels during the first few weeks of exercise?

A

Levels are maintained/stay the same in aerobically trained individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to cortisol levels during the first few weeks of exercise?

A

Levels increase slightly as body become better at preserving glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to growth hormone levels during the first few weeks of exercise?

A

Levels decrease in endurance trained individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens to catecholamines during the first few weeks of exercise?

A

Levels reduce significantly during first few weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Do catecholamines increase linerally or non-linerally with duration of exercise?

A

Linerally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At what point does nonepinephrine stop increasing with exercise?

A

Nonepinephrine stops increasing when exercise intensity reaches 50% VO2 Max.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does epinephrine start to increase?

A

When exercise levels reach 60% VO2 Max.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to insulin during exercise?

A

Insulin is suppressed and glucose uptake by skeletal muscle is increased 7-20% above resting rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does insulin promote?

A

The uptake of glucose, fats and amino acids into cells for storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does acute bouts of exercise alter the need for more insulin?

A

Acute bouts of exercise increases the muscles sensitivity to insulin therefore less insulin is needed to bring about the same effect on glucose uptake in to muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is insulin a fast-acting or a slow-acting hormone?

A

Fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What hormone is glucagon the opposite effect of?

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the primary role of glucagon during exercise?

A

To contribute to blood glucose control as exercise progresses and glycogen levels decrease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does cortisol mobilize in the liver?

A

Glucose synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are 3 things that cortisol decreases?

A
  1. Rate of glucose utilization by the cells.
  2. Amino Acid uptake by muscles.
  3. Bone Formation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are 2 things that cortisol promotes/stimulates?

A
  1. Breakdown of adipose tissue.

2. Free-Fatty-Acid mobilization from adipose tissue.

32
Q

What will prolonged high levels of cortisol lead to? (4)

A

Excessive protein breakdown, tissue wasting, negative nitrogen balance and abdominal obesity.

33
Q

How does the growth hormone support the actions of cortisol?

A

It helps by decreasing glucose uptake by tissues, increasing FFA Mobilization and enhancing gluconeogenesis.

34
Q

Is insulin a slow or fast acting hormone?

A

Fast.

35
Q

What form of training and conditioning works together to improve a muscle’s insulin’s sensitivity over a couple weeks?

A

Resistance training and aerobic conditioning.

36
Q

What hormone helps the regulation of carbohydrates, fat or protein metabolism?

A

Cortisol

37
Q

What are two components broken down by glucagon to aid the body during an endurance run?

A

Protein and triglycerides.

38
Q

How does the growth hormone support the actions of cortisol?

A

By decreasing glucose uptake by tissues, increasing free-fatty acids mobilization and enhancing gluconeogensis.

39
Q

What hormones are released from the Thyroid? (3)

A
  • Thyroxine
  • Triiodothyronine
  • Calcitonin
40
Q

What hormone is released from the Parathyroids and what does it do?

A

Parathyroid Hormone raises plasma calcium levels and lowers plasma phosphate levels

41
Q

what does Oxytocin do?

A

stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscle of the uterus and intestines

42
Q

What do the Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormones do?

A

Stimulates gonads to secrete sex hormones

43
Q

what does the thyroid stimulating hormone do?

A

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormones

44
Q

what does the adrenocorticotropin hormone do?

A

stimulates adrenal glands to secrete glucocotricoids

45
Q

what does prolactin do?

A

initiates and maintains breast milk secretion in females

46
Q

what do thyroxine and triiodothyronine do?

A

increase oxygen consumption and heat production and affects many metabolic functions

47
Q

what does calcitonin do?

A

decreases blood calcium and phosphate levels

48
Q

what does epinephrine do?

A

affects carbohydrate metabolism (generally promotes hyperglycemia) and constricts vessels in the skin, mucous membranes and kidneys but dilates vessels in skeletal muscle

49
Q

what does norepinephrine do?

A

increases HR and force of contraction of the myocardium and constricts blood vessels in most areas of the body

50
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do?

A

promote reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the kidneys

51
Q

what do glucocorticoids do?

A

promote protein and triglyceride breakdown

52
Q

what does insulin do?

A

it causes liver and muscles to take up glucose and store it in the form of glycogen whilst encouraging fat cells to take on blood lipids and turn them into triglycerides.
It also has anabolic effects throughout the body

53
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream

54
Q

What are the 2 general categories of hormones?

A

hormones that are steroid-derived and hormones synthesized from amino acids

55
Q

Follicule-Stimulating + Luteinizing hormones are Gonadotropins because of their effects on the gonads, what do these substances control?

A

They control the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in the ovaries and the production of testosterone in the testicles.

56
Q

What does calcitonin do?

A

lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels by accelerating the absorption of calcium by the bones

57
Q

what does epinephrine do?

A
  • elevates blood glucose levels
  • increases the rate, force and amplitude of the heartbeat
  • dilates blood vessels that feed the heart, lungs and skeletal muscles
58
Q

what does norepinephrine do?

A

it causes an increase in heart rate and in the force of contraction of the cardiac muscle, it also contributes to the constriction of blood vessels in the body

59
Q

What does testosterone do?

A

acts to initiate sperm production, stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics and promotes tissue building

60
Q

What does estrogen do?

A

regulates ovulation, menstruation, the physiological adjustments during pregnancy and the appearance of secondary female sex characteristics.

61
Q

What is affected by estrogen?

A

blood vessels, bones, lungs, liver, intestine, prostate and testes

62
Q

Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, what does it facilitate?

A

It facilitates protein synthesis in the body, mostly by helping the cell transport nutrients from outside the cell to the interior where they may be incorporated into cell proteins.

63
Q

Many of growth hormone’s effects are mediated by _____ _____ ______ _______.

A

insulin-like growth factors

64
Q

Where are insulin-like growth factors synthesized?

A

they are synthesized in the liver as a result of growth hormone release during exercise

65
Q

Antidiuretic hormone / vasopressin is released by the posterior pituitary gland during exercise, why does it reduce urinary excretion?

A

it reduces urinary excretion in response to the dehydrating effects of sweating and helps preserve the plasma volume and osmolality of the blood.

66
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines released by the adrenal medulla as part of the sympathetic response to exercise, what is their role during this?

A

to increase cardiac output but increasing HR and contractility during exercise and to cause glycogenolysis in the liver so that more glucose can be released to active muscles.

67
Q

Aldosterone and cortisol are two of the main hormones released by the adrenal cortex, what do they each do during exercise?

A
  • aldosterone limits sodium excretion in the urine to maintain electrolyte balance
  • cortisol maintains blood glucose during prolonged exercise by promoting protein and triglyceride breakdown
68
Q

Insulin and glucagon are both secreted by the cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas yet have opposing effects, what are they?

A
  • insulin facilitates glucose removal from the blood to facilitate glucose entry into the tissues and decreases blood glucose
  • glucagon stimulates glucose release from the liver to increase blood glucose
69
Q

Insulin and Glucagon are both secreted by the islets of Langerhans, what cells release each of them?

A

Insulin is released via beta cells whereas glucagon is released via alpha cells

70
Q

Whilst increasing blood glucose levels, what other effect does glucagon have?

A

it also causes the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to be used as fuel

71
Q

Testosterone has both androgenic effects and anabolic effects, what are these?

A

androgenic effects are masculine characteristics

anabolic effects are muscle building effects

72
Q

Why is testosterone often abused in attempts to enhance athletic performance?

A

because of its anabolic effects

73
Q

what type of exercise pattern can cause amenorrhea?

A

high levels of chronic exercise training and low body weight

74
Q

The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that secretes 2 hormones, what are they and what do they do?

A

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine both increase oxygen uptake and heat production and affect metabolic functions.

75
Q

What are 2 key hormones of behaviour?

A
  1. Corticotropin Releasing Hormone CRH

2. Adrenocorticotropin Hormone ACTH

ACE Personal Training (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions