Lesson 14: Bioenergetics of Exercises + Fuel Use During Physical Activity Flashcards
ATP is stored within muscles but where does the majority of ATP used for muscle contraction come from?
the food we eat
What is ATP?
The immediate chemical energy needed for all cellular function
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP the combination of?
Adenosine and 3 phosphate groups
Carbs/proteins/fats are digested down to their simplest forms and absorbed into the blood before transporting to metabolically active cells, from here, what/where do they go?
They either immediately enter the metabolic pathway for ATP Production or are stored for later use.
The protein we eat is usually used for growth and repair of cellular structures or excreted as waste, but can amino acids be converted to and used in?
Glucose in the liver through gluconeogenesis and used in the nerves/muscles.
In a state of starvation, what happens to protein?
It is catabolized and converted to glucose in the liver.
Why is energy released from ATP?
ATP is adenosine and 3 phosphate groups, there is special high-energy bonds between the phosphate groups that when broken, releases energy to the cell that can directly use it to perform cellular function.
If there is no ATP present in a muscle looking to contract, what will happen?
It won’t be able to contract until there is a source of ATP
Why is our human physiology organized to provide uninterrupted sources of ATP?
Due to our ancestors need to exercise in order to procure food, pursure mates and escape predators.
Why must ATP be continuosly resynthesized in one of the three energy systems?
Because although it can be stored in a cell, the amount of ATP that is stored and immediately available (for muscular contraction) is very limited and will only provide seconds of energy.
What two compounds are referred to as phosphagens when combined?
ATP and Creatine Phosphate
What is another high-energy phosphate compound found within muscle cells? (Not ATP)
Creatine Phosphate
When ATP is broken down for muscular contraction, what is it re-synthesized from?
the breakdown of creatine phosphate
The energy released from breaking the Creatine Phosphate’s bone is used to reconstitute ATP from what? (2)
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and P.
Why can Creatine Phosphate levels drop very low in comparison to ATP Levels?
Due to CP constantly reconstructing ATP.
During heavy exercise, what combines to make ATP and AMP?
x2 ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
why is it important that ADP combines to make ATP and AMP?
it results as another pathway for rapid re-synthesization of ATP and because AMP is an important signalling molecule that tells your body to adapt to training in a way that increases production of ATP.
How many seconds of energy will the total of ATP and CP stored in a muscle provide during all-out exertion exercise when ATP is no continuosly resynthesized?
10 seconds
What is anaerobic glycolysis?
the anaerobic production of ATP from carbohydrates
How does anaerobic glycolysis make ATP?
it uses the energy contained in glucose
Anaerboic Glyoclysis provides a convenient intermediate/halfway energy system between the __________ system and ________ ________ of ATP.
phosphagen
aerobic production
When is anaerobic glycolysis required?
when energy is needed to perform activities that require large bursts of energy over a longer period of time than the phosphagen system will allow (around 1-3 mins)
Anaerobic glycolysis occurs within the _______1 of the ____2 and involves the incomplete breakdown of _______3 or _________4 to a simpler substance, _________5 to be used in the mitochondria by the aerobic energy system.
1 cytoplasm 2 cell 3 glucose 4 glycogen 5 pyruvate