Lesson 3C (Part 4) Flashcards
What are adenomas primarily made of?
Glandular elements
What do adenomas secrete?
Lactation
How are adenomas seen on US? (4)
- Oval
- Circumscribed solid mass
- Areas of increased echogenicity
- Prominent vascularity
WHat are phylloide tumours also called?
Phyllodes
What kind of appearance are phyllodes very similar to?
Fibroadenomas
- has cystic spaces
How do phyllodes normally grow?
Rapidly
What is the size of a phyllodes?
Greater than 5cm
What age group are phyllodes more common?
40 year old +
What is the most common breast sarcoma?
Phylloides tumours
What is recommended with phylloide tumours?
Core biopsy
- it is poorly differentiated by fine needle biopsy
Hamartoma
Mass made of varying amounts of normal or dysplastic fibrous, epithelial, and fatty breast tissues
Where do you find hamartomas?
Within the mammary zone
How do hamartomas appear on US? (3)
- Circumscribed oval mass
- Mixed echo patterns
- Thin echogenic pseudocapsule
Lipoma
Benign nodule of mature adipose tissue surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule
How do lipomas grow?
Slowly
What is the size of lipoma?
2-10 cm
How do lipomas appear on US? (3)
- Smooth walled
- Thinly encapsualted nodule
- Isoechoic or hyperechoic to adjacent normal fat
Papilloma
Fibrovascular growths within milk ducts behind the nipple
What does papilloma refer to?
The milk ducts
How do papilloma appear on US? (2)
- Circumscribed
2. Isoechoic to hypoechoic solid mass
Where do you find papilloma?
Subareolar region
Who do you find juvenile papillomatosis in?
Young females
What do juvenile papillomatosis appear on an US? (4)
- Focal ill defined
- Heterogeneous mass
- Contains several small peripheral cysts
- Swiss cheese appearance
What are risk factors fro breast cancer in women? (12)
- Advancing age
- First degree relative with breast cancer
- eg) mom - Genetic predisposition
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene - Early menarche
- Late menopause
- Nullipartiy
- First full term pregnancy after the age of 30
- Personal history of breast, ovarian or endometrial cancer
- Obesity/increased BMI
- High breast tissue density
- Long term or high dosage of estrogen replacement therapy
- Prior radiation to breast area
- as in treatment for Hodgkin’s disease
What are 10 malignant invasive breast diseases?
- Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
- IDC - Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
- ILC - Medullary
- Mucinous
- Tubular
- Inflammatory
- Lymphoma
- Metastases
- Multifocal
- Multicentric
What are 3 malignant non invasive breast diseases?
- DCIS
- LCIS
- Pagets
Multi focal
Presence of additional malignant lesions within a breast quadrant or within 5cm of the primary tumor
What does multifocal indicate?
Spread of cancer via the ducts
ROI
Range of interest
Multi centric
Coexistent cancers within different quadrants or seperated by more than 5cm within the breast
What must you always remember with breast cancer grading and specific differentiation?
That is must involve a series of investigations and not be based on ultrasound alone
