Lesson 2A (Part 1) Flashcards
What are the 3 neck muscles?
- Strap muscles
- anterior - Sternocleidomastoid
- lateral - Longus coli
- posterior
What are the 3 strap muscles?
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Omohyoid
Salivary glands
Are glands that release their secretions into ducts that lead to the mouth
What are the 3 main paired components of the salivary glands?
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular glands
- Sublingual glands
Where are the parotid glands situated?
One on each side of the face just below the external acoustic meatus
What does each parotid gland have?
A parotid duct
Parotid duct
An opening into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar tooth
Where are the submandibular glands situated?
One on each side of the face under the angle of the jaw
Submandibular ducts
Ducts that open on the floor of the mouth
- one on each side of the frenulum of the tongue
What can be used as a window in the neck?
The SCM
What salivary gland is hard to see on US?
Sublingual
Frenulum
Small line of hard tissue right under the tongue
Whartons duct
Is a thin tube, where the saliva flow starts from each submandibular gland on the right and left side of the mouth to the sublingual gland and then to two small openings underneath the tongue called the sublingual caruncles
Where are the sublingual glands situated?
Under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth in front of the submandibular glands
- numerous small ducts that open into the floor of the mouth
Why can we see glands so well on US?
Because they have a fibrous capsule
What does the structure of the salivary glands consist of?
A number oflobulesmade up of small acini lined withsecretory cells
What are secretions from the glands poured into?
Ductules that join up to form larger ducts leading into the mouth
What does the arterial system of the head supply?
Various branches from the external carotid arteries
What drains the venous system of the head?
External jugular veins
What is the composition of saliva?
Is a combination of secretions from the salivary glands and the small mucus-secreting glands of the oral mucosa
How much saliva is produced per day?
1.5L
What are the different components of saliva? (7)
- Water
- Mineral salts
- Salivary amylase
- digestive enzyme - Mucus
- Lysozyme
- Immunoglobulins
- Blood-clotting factors
What are the 3 functions of saliva?
- Digestive
- Lubrication
- Protection
How does saliva help with digestion? (3)
- Amylase breaks down starches
- in the mouth - Lingual lipase breaks down triglycerides
- in the stomach - Dissolves food materials so it can be sensed by taste buds
How does saliva help with lubrication? (2)
- It keeps the mouth moist to help with the movement of lips and tongue during speech
- Moistens food to help with swallowing
How does saliva help with protection? (3)
- Keeps mouth and teeth clean by dissolving and washing food particles from between the teeth
- Has an anti-bacterial action
- Buffers acidic gastric secretions
Mumps
Acute inflammatory condition of the salivary glands
- especially the parotids
Parotitis
Inflammation of the parotid glands
What could it be if you have parotitis? (4)
- Viral
- mumps - Bacterial
- may develop into an abscess - Autoimmune
- Sjogren’s syndrome - Calculus
Calculus
Stones
What is the sonographic appearance of parotitis (mumps)? (4)
- Bilateral
- Enlarged glands
- Heterogeneous
- Increased vascularity
What is secondary to parotitis?
Reactive lymph nodes
