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High Resolution > Lesson 2A (Part 1) > Flashcards

Lesson 2A (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 neck muscles?

A
  1. Strap muscles
    - anterior
  2. Sternocleidomastoid
    - lateral
  3. Longus coli
    - posterior
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2
Q

What are the 3 strap muscles?

A
  1. Sternohyoid
  2. Sternothyroid
  3. Omohyoid
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3
Q

Salivary glands

A

Are glands that release their secretions into ducts that lead to the mouth

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4
Q

What are the 3 main paired components of the salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid glands
  2. Submandibular glands
  3. Sublingual glands
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5
Q

Where are the parotid glands situated?

A

One on each side of the face just below the external acoustic meatus

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6
Q

What does each parotid gland have?

A

A parotid duct

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7
Q

Parotid duct

A

An opening into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar tooth

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8
Q

Where are the submandibular glands situated?

A

One on each side of the face under the angle of the jaw

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9
Q

Submandibular ducts

A

Ducts that open on the floor of the mouth

- one on each side of the frenulum of the tongue

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10
Q

What can be used as a window in the neck?

A

The SCM

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11
Q

What salivary gland is hard to see on US?

A

Sublingual

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12
Q

Frenulum

A

Small line of hard tissue right under the tongue

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13
Q

Whartons duct

A

Is a thin tube, where the saliva flow starts from each submandibular gland on the right and left side of the mouth to the sublingual gland and then to two small openings underneath the tongue called the sublingual caruncles

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14
Q

Where are the sublingual glands situated?

A

Under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth in front of the submandibular glands
- numerous small ducts that open into the floor of the mouth

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15
Q

Why can we see glands so well on US?

A

Because they have a fibrous capsule

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16
Q

What does the structure of the salivary glands consist of?

A

A number oflobulesmade up of small acini lined withsecretory cells

17
Q

What are secretions from the glands poured into?

A

Ductules that join up to form larger ducts leading into the mouth

18
Q

What does the arterial system of the head supply?

A

Various branches from the external carotid arteries

19
Q

What drains the venous system of the head?

A

External jugular veins

20
Q

What is the composition of saliva?

A

Is a combination of secretions from the salivary glands and the small mucus-secreting glands of the oral mucosa

21
Q

How much saliva is produced per day?

A

1.5L

22
Q

What are the different components of saliva? (7)

A
  1. Water
  2. Mineral salts
  3. Salivary amylase
    - digestive enzyme
  4. Mucus
  5. Lysozyme
  6. Immunoglobulins
  7. Blood-clotting factors
23
Q

What are the 3 functions of saliva?

A
  1. Digestive
  2. Lubrication
  3. Protection
24
Q

How does saliva help with digestion? (3)

A
  1. Amylase breaks down starches
    - in the mouth
  2. Lingual lipase breaks down triglycerides
    - in the stomach
  3. Dissolves food materials so it can be sensed by taste buds
25
Q

How does saliva help with lubrication? (2)

A
  1. It keeps the mouth moist to help with the movement of lips and tongue during speech
  2. Moistens food to help with swallowing
26
Q

How does saliva help with protection? (3)

A
  1. Keeps mouth and teeth clean by dissolving and washing food particles from between the teeth
  2. Has an anti-bacterial action
  3. Buffers acidic gastric secretions
27
Q

Mumps

A

Acute inflammatory condition of the salivary glands

- especially the parotids

28
Q

Parotitis

A

Inflammation of the parotid glands

29
Q

What could it be if you have parotitis? (4)

A
  1. Viral
    - mumps
  2. Bacterial
    - may develop into an abscess
  3. Autoimmune
    - Sjogren’s syndrome
  4. Calculus
30
Q

Calculus

A

Stones

31
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of parotitis (mumps)? (4)

A
  1. Bilateral
  2. Enlarged glands
  3. Heterogeneous
  4. Increased vascularity
32
Q

What is secondary to parotitis?

A

Reactive lymph nodes

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