Lesson 2A (Part 2) Flashcards
Sialitis
Inflammation of a salivary gland or duct
What is the sonographic appearance of sialitis? (3)
- Diffuse heterogeneity of the gland
- Increased vascularity on power doppler
- Chronic calcification centrally within
the submandibular gland
Sialectasis
Dilation of a salivary duct
Parotitis
Inflammation of the parotid gland
What does sialectasis result from?
Duct obstruction of the parotid or submandibular glands associated with pain and swelling
Calculus formation
Calculi (stones) are formed in the salivary glands by the crystallisation of mineral salts in saliva
What can calculus formation cause?
Partially or completely block the ducts, leading to inflammation and swelling of the gland, a predisposition to infection and, in time, atrophy
What causes calculus formation?
It is unknown
Where do salivary gland stones occur?
About 8 in 10 salivary stones form in one of the submandibular glands
Where is rare for a stone to form?
In the sublingual gland
Where is calculus easily seen?
In the Stensen’s duct
What are parotid duct calculi?
Rare
Pleomorphic salivary adenoma
Mixed benign tumours that consist of epithelial and connective tissue cells
Where do pleomorphic salivary adenomas mainly occur?
In the parotid gland
What is the most common tumour of the salivary glands?
Pleomorphic salivary adenomas
What is the sonograohpic appearance of parotid adenoma? (2)
- Well circumscribed
2. Posterior enhancement
What are questions you should ask before scanning the glands?
If they have had any dental work done
What is a key landmark for the glands?
The angle of the mandible
Stensen’s duct
Is a duct and the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth
What type of malignant tumours most commonly affect the parotid glands?
Carcinomas
Where does lymph spread with carcinoma?
To the cervical nodes
What is the sonographic appearance of a submandibular adenocarcinoma? (3)
- Heterogeneous mass
- found in the anterior portion of the submandibular gland - Smooth walls
- Internal vascularity
Sjogrens disease
Is an autoimmune disorder affecting the moisture producing exocrine glands
- eg. tears and saliva
What is the most prevalent rheumatic disorder?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is the second most prevalent rheumatic disorder?
Sjogrens disease
What is a symptom of Sjogrens disease?
Dryness of eyes and mouth
What may occasionally develop in the parotid glands of Sjogren’s patients?
MALT lymphoma
Where can simpe cysts occur? (2)
- Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands
What can cause simple salivary gland cysts to become more complicated? (3)
- Haemorrhage
- Trauma
- Infection
