Lesson 1E (Part 1) Flashcards
What are the types of thyroid gland diseases? (5)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Inflammatory/immune
- Goiter
- adenoma (benign) - Tumours
What are abnormal thyroid functions caused by? (3)
- Thyroid disease
- Disorders of the pituitary or hypothalamus
- Insufficient dietary iodine
What are the main effects of abnormal thyroid function caused by?
An abnormally high or low basal metabolic rate
What is another name for hyperthyroidism?
Thyrotoxicosis
What is hyperthyroidism?
Excessive levels of T3and T4
What are the main effects of hyperthyroidism due to?
Increased basal metabolic rate
What is a common consequence of an aging heart?
Cardiac failure
How does cardiac failure affect the heart?
The heart has to work harder to deliver more blood and nutrients to the hyperactive body cells
What does hyperthyroidism cause? (3)
- Graves’ disease
- Toxic nodular goiter
- Adenoma
- a benign tumour
When does hypothyroidism occur?
When there is insufficient T3and T4secretion
What does hypothyroidism cause? (2)
- Congenital hypothyroidism in children
2. Myxoedema in adults
What is an another term for congenital hypothyrodism?
Cretinism
Cretinism
Profound deficiency or absence of thyroid hormones that becomes evident a few weeks or months after birth
Where is hypothyroidism and endemic?
In the parts of the world where the diet is severely deficient in iodine and contains insufficient for synthesis of T3and T4
What does the absence of thyroid hormones result in?
Profound impairment of growth and mental development
- unless treatment begins early
Why kind of impairments is there in cretinism? (5)
- Has disproportionately short limbs
- A large protruding tongue
- Coarse dry skin
- Poor abdominal muscle tone
- rounded belly - Umbilical hernia.
What is myxoedema more common in? (2)
- The elderly
- Females
- 5x more than men
What does deficiency of T3and T4in adults result in?
An abnormally low metabolic rate
What are the found causes for my myxoedema? (3)
- Autoimmune thyroiditis
- Severe iodine deficiency
- Healthcare interventions
- e.g. antithyroid drugs, surgical removal of thyroid tissue or ionizing radiation
What percent of graves disease are hyperthyroiditis?
85%
Who does graves disease affect the most?
Women
- between ages 30-50
What kind of disorder is graves disease?
Autoimmune disorder
Autoimmune disorder
Antibody that mimics the effects of TSH is produced
Goitre
Visible enlargement of the gland
What stimulates thyroid growth?
Goitre
What is a sign of Graves’ disease?
Exophthalmos
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs
- bulging
What kind of vascularity does greaves disease have?
High vascularity
What causes exophthalmos?
Due to the deposition of excess fat and fibrous tissue behind the eyes
What is another word for de quervains thyroiditis?
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis
What is de quervain thyroiditis associated with? (3)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Return to normal thyroid function
De quervains thyroiditis
Diffusely enlarged somewhat poorly marginated gland
What is colour doppler like with de quervains thyroiditis?
Normal or decreased
- hard to tell the difference between this and graves (vascular is how you tell the difference –> graves is hypervascular)
