Lesson 3C (Part 3) Flashcards
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast
Puerperal mastitis
Inflammation of the breast related to lactation
- leads to acute mastitis
Periductal mastitis
Uncommon, chronic, nonlactational inflammation that affects the subareolar structures
Abscess
Acutely tender lump or swelling with erythema
Erythema
Superficial reddening of the skin caused by inflammation
How do abscesses appear on US? (4)
- Complex fluid collection
- Thick, irregular, or indistinct walls
- Non uniform internal echoes or debris levels
- Contains septations
Mondor cord
Sclerosing thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterior chest wall
What is mondors cord associated with?
Patients who have had breast surgery
- eg) lumpectomy for breast cancer or breast augmentation
What is the mondor cord?
Small cord like structure/vein which does not have any vascularity
What is the appearance of mondor cord on US?
Beaded appearance with internal echoes
Hematoma
Blood filled mass
When may a hematoma occur? (3)
Following a…
- Trauma
- Biopsy
- Surgery
What can cause substantial cutaneous bruising?
Seatbelt injuries
Seroma (2)
- Accumulation of serum within a surgical cavity or biopsy site
- They can be very painful and rapidly increase in size
What can be performed as required to relieve symptoms?
Therapeutic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration
Fat necrosis
Uncommon inflammatory and ischemic process that is the result of blunt trauma, surgery, radiotherapy or inflammation
What does trauma that disrupts blood supply cause? (2)
- Hemmorrhage
2. Liquefaction of a focal area of breast fat,
What does hemmorrhage and liquefaction of a focal area of breast fat result in?
Necrosis
What can necrosis progress to?
An oil cysts
Post surgical scar
Is a scar that forms as connective tissue proliferates at the site of injury
How does a post surgical scar appear on US? (5)
- Irregular hypoechoic area
- Acoustic shadowing
- Architectural distortion at site
- Skin thickening
- Retraction
- this is common
How does scarring affect US imaging?
Makes it more difficult
- attenuation
Fibroadenoma
Most common benign solid tumour of female breast
What is the age group that fibroadenomas are more common?
15-35 years of age
Who are fibroadenomas more common in?
Black females
What is the sonographic appearance of fibroadenoma? (4)
- Well circumscribed
- Smooth
- Solid ovoid mass
- Subtle posterior enhancement
What does colour doppler show on fibroedenoma?
Peripheral vessels
How large are fibroadenomas?
< 3 cm
- usually
Juvenile fibroadenomas
Giant fibroadenomas
When do juvenile fibroadenomas grow quickly?
During adolescence
