Lesson 2B (Part 2) Flashcards
What can tumours grow into?
- Block
- Lymph vessel
- Node
What do tumours block?
The flow of lymph
What are examples of minor lymphadenitis? (4)
- Measles
- Typhoid
- Ct-scratch fever
- Wound or skin infections
When does lymphadenitis occur? (4)
- Following unresolved acute infections
- In tuberculosis
- Syphilis
- Some low-grade infections
Lymphomas
Malignant tumours of lymphoid tissue
What are the classifications of lymphoma? (2)
- Hodgkin’s lymphomas
2. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Hodgkin’s disease
Progressive, painless enlargement of lymph nodes throughout the body
What are the first type of lymph nodes that are often first to be noticed as hodgkins?
Superficial lymph nodes in the neck
What kind of tumours are hodgkins?
Malignant
What is the cause of hodgkins?
Unknown
What does hodgkins do?
It reduces immunity, because lymphocyte function is depressed, and recurrent infection is therefore common
What are 2 examples of non-hodgkins lymphomas?
- Multiple myeloma
2. Burkitt’s lymphoma
How are non-hodgkins classified?
According to the type of cell involved and the degree of malignancy
Where do malignant tumours develop?
In lymph nodes in any part of the body
What happens if a lymph node cannot filter out the cancer in the lymph?
They can multiply and form metastatic tumours
What is the most common anomaly of the hear and neck?
Thyroglossal (Duct) Cyst
Thyroglossal (Duct) Cyst
Is a cyst that is located beneath the skin of the anterior midline of the neck, usually just below the hyoid bone
What is the second most common cause of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?
A neck mass in children
What is the most common cause of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?
Lymphadenopathy
What is the sonographic appearance of thyroglossal (duct) cyst?
Low-level intraluminal reflectors
- due to bleeding or infection
Brachial cleft cyst
Abnormal persistence of remnants of the branchial apparatus results in cysts, sinuses and fistulas
What is the sonographic appearance of brachial cleft cyst?
Cystic neck mass, along the medial border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
- usually in the upper neck.
