Lectures 1-5 Flashcards
What does the axial skeleton consist of and what is its function?
Consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage; it protects vital organs.
Where is the primary ossification center located, and what does it do?
In the diaphysis (shaft); it develops bone at different times.
What responses are coordinated by the Heat-Loss centre when body temperature rises?
Behavioral changes, vasodilation, shunting of blood to the skin, sweat production, and respiratory heat loss.
Describe the microanatomy of tissues in joints.
Hyaline cartilage resists compression; fibrocartilage resists tension and compression; DFCT resists tension.
What is dorsiflexion?
Bringing the toes up towards the face.
What is the role of Osteocytes?
They recycle protein and minerals from the matrix.
What is the function of ligaments?
To connect bone to bone, resist tension, and restrict movement away from themselves.
Describe the three types of joints.
Fibrous (least movement, provides stability), Cartilaginous (some movement, connected by fibrocartilage), and Synovial (most movement, made of various tissues).
What are movements in the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension.
Where are the secondary ossification centers located, and what is their function?
In the epiphyses; they enable bone growth in length through the epiphyseal/growth plate.
What does the term “inferior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Below or towards the feet.
Describe the structure of cancellous bone.
Contains trabeculae (struts of lamella bone), marrow in cavities, and osteocytes in lacunae or on the surface.
Where is cancellous bone found and what is its function?
Found in the epiphyses; it is light, spongy, and good for shock absorption.
What is the function of fibrous joints?
To limit movement and provide stability, found in sutures of the skull and distal tibiofibular joint.
Why is knowing terminology important in anatomy?
It allows effective communication and avoids vague descriptions or directions.
What is flexion?
Decreasing the angle between two body parts.
Which tissues would you find in your knee joint?
Connective tissue (including cartilage and bone), muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
Describe the structure of limb bones.
Each limb has a single proximal long bone (humerus/femur), two distal long bones (ulna and radius/tibia and fibula), and bones of the hands and feet.
What structures are included in epithelial tissue?
Epithelia and glands (exocrine and endocrine).
What does the term “posterior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Towards the back of the body.
Which tissue includes blood and lymph?
Connective tissue.
What does the term “superficial” mean in anatomical terminology?
Closer to the surface of the skin.
Describe the microscopic structure of bones.
Compact bone has osteons with central canals, lamellae, lacunae, and canaliculi; cancellous bone has trabeculae with marrow and osteocytes.
What does the term “distal” mean in anatomical terminology?
Farther from the point of attachment or origin.