Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is the correct anatomical position?
Upright, facing forwards, feet together, palms facing forwards.
What does the term “deep” mean in anatomical terminology?
Farther from the surface of the skin.
What responses are coordinated by the Heat-Gain centre when body temperature lowers?
Behavioral changes, vasoconstriction, reduced sweat production, shivering, and goosebumps.
What is supination?
Turning the palms to face anteriorly.
What is the coronal plane?
The plane that divides the body into front and back sections.
What is pronation?
Turning the palms to face posteriorly
What is extension?
Increasing the angle between two body parts.
What is abduction?
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.
What is dorsiflexion?
Bringing the toes up towards the face.
What is homeostasis?
It supports normal function of body systems by maintaining conditions in the internal environment through regulatory mechanisms.
What is feedforward in homeostasis?
Anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, leading to actions that minimize the effect.
What are some examples of set-points in homeostasis?
Temperature, ion concentrations (calcium, potassium, sodium), blood sugar levels, and fluid balance.
What is feedback in homeostasis?
When a controlled variable moves too far from the set point and the body responds to bring it back to normal.
What is rotation in anatomical movement?
Movement around the long axis of a joint.
What does the term “superior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Above or towards the head
What is flexion?
Decreasing the angle between two body parts.
What does the term “medial” mean in anatomical terminology?
Closer to the midline of the body.
Define terms used to describe spatial and positional relationships of structures.
Anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep.
What is plantarflexion?
Pointing the toes towards the ground.
What is inversion?
Turning the sole of the foot towards the midline.
What are movements in the coronal plane?
Abduction and adduction.
What is the sagittal plane?
The plane that divides the body into left and right sections.
Define and demonstrate terms of movements as related to joints.
Flexion/extension (sagittal plane), abduction/adduction (coronal plane), circumduction, rotation, pronation, and supination.
Why is knowing terminology important in anatomy?
It allows effective communication and avoids vague descriptions or directions.
What body parts are included in the upper limb?
Arm, forearm, and hand.
What does the term “superficial” mean in anatomical terminology?
Closer to the surface of the skin.
What does the term “proximal” mean in anatomical terminology?
Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
What responses are coordinated by the Heat-Loss centre when body temperature rises?
Behavioral changes, vasodilation, shunting of blood to the skin, sweat production, and respiratory heat loss.
What is the transverse plane?
The plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.
What does the term “lateral” mean in anatomical terminology?
Farther from the midline of the body.
What does the term “anterior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Towards the front of the body.
What does the term “posterior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Towards the back of the body.
What is circumduction?
A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
What is adduction?
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.
What are movements in the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension.
What body parts are included in the lower limb?
Thigh, leg, and foot.
What does the term “inferior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Below or towards the feet.
What is eversion?
Turning the sole of the foot away from the midline.
What does the term “distal” mean in anatomical terminology?
Farther from the point of attachment or origin.
