Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the correct anatomical position?

Answer 1

Upright, facing forwards, feet together, palms facing forwards.

Question 2

What does the term “deep” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 2

Farther from the surface of the skin.

Question 3

What responses are coordinated by the Heat-Gain centre when body temperature lowers?

Answer 3

Behavioral changes, vasoconstriction, reduced sweat production, shivering, and goosebumps.

Question 4

What is supination?

Answer 4

Turning the palms to face anteriorly.

Question 5

What is the coronal plane?

Answer 5

The plane that divides the body into front and back sections.

Question 6

What is pronation?

Answer 6

Turning the palms to face posteriorly

Question 7

What is extension?

Answer 7

Increasing the angle between two body parts.

Question 8

What is abduction?

Answer 8

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.

Question 9

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 9

Bringing the toes up towards the face.

Question 10

What is homeostasis?

Answer 10

It supports normal function of body systems by maintaining conditions in the internal environment through regulatory mechanisms.

Question 11

What is feedforward in homeostasis?

Answer 11

Anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, leading to actions that minimize the effect.

Question 12

What are some examples of set-points in homeostasis?

Answer 12

Temperature, ion concentrations (calcium, potassium, sodium), blood sugar levels, and fluid balance.

Question 13

What is feedback in homeostasis?

Answer 13

When a controlled variable moves too far from the set point and the body responds to bring it back to normal.

Question 14

What is rotation in anatomical movement?

Answer 14

Movement around the long axis of a joint.

Question 15

What does the term “superior” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 15

Above or towards the head

Question 16

What is flexion?

Answer 16

Decreasing the angle between two body parts.

Question 17

What does the term “medial” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 17

Closer to the midline of the body.

Question 18

Define terms used to describe spatial and positional relationships of structures.

Answer 18

Anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep.

Question 19

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 19

Pointing the toes towards the ground.

Question 20

What is inversion?

Answer 20

Turning the sole of the foot towards the midline.

Question 21

What are movements in the coronal plane?

Answer 21

Abduction and adduction.

Question 22

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 22

The plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

Question 23

Define and demonstrate terms of movements as related to joints.

Answer 23

Flexion/extension (sagittal plane), abduction/adduction (coronal plane), circumduction, rotation, pronation, and supination.

Question 24

Why is knowing terminology important in anatomy?

Answer 24

It allows effective communication and avoids vague descriptions or directions.

Question 25

What body parts are included in the upper limb?

Answer 25

Arm, forearm, and hand.

Question 26

What does the term “superficial” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 26

Closer to the surface of the skin.

Question 27

What does the term “proximal” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 27

Closer to the point of attachment or origin.

Question 28

What responses are coordinated by the Heat-Loss centre when body temperature rises?

Answer 28

Behavioral changes, vasodilation, shunting of blood to the skin, sweat production, and respiratory heat loss.

Question 29

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 29

The plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.

Question 30

What does the term “lateral” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 30

Farther from the midline of the body.

Question 31

What does the term “anterior” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 31

Towards the front of the body.

Question 32

What does the term “posterior” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 32

Towards the back of the body.

Question 33

What is circumduction?

Answer 33

A combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Question 34

What is adduction?

Answer 34

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.

Question 35

What are movements in the sagittal plane?

Answer 35

Flexion and extension.

Question 36

What body parts are included in the lower limb?

Answer 36

Thigh, leg, and foot.

Question 37

What does the term “inferior” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 37

Below or towards the feet.

Question 38

What is eversion?

Answer 38

Turning the sole of the foot away from the midline.

Question 39

What does the term “distal” mean in anatomical terminology?

Answer 39

Farther from the point of attachment or origin.