Lectures 1-4 Flashcards
Where is compact bone found and what is its function?
Found in the diaphysis; it is strong and good at transmitting force in one direction.
What percentage of tissue in the human body is muscle tissue?
50%
Where is cancellous bone found and what is its function?
Found in the epiphyses; it is light, spongy, and good for shock absorption.
Which tissue is the least common in the body?
Nervous tissue (2%).
What does the term “posterior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Towards the back of the body.
What does the term “deep” mean in anatomical terminology?
Farther from the surface of the skin.
Why is knowing terminology important in anatomy?
It allows effective communication and avoids vague descriptions or directions.
What are the two extracellular components of bone?
Organic (33%) and inorganic (67%).
What are the components of an osteon?
Central canal (with blood vessels and nerves), lamellae (cylinders of ECM), lacunae (for osteocytes), and canaliculi (channels for osteocytes).
What are the functions of nervous tissue?
Conducts electrical impulses and carries information.
What is supination?
Turning the palms to face anteriorly.
What percentage of a bone’s weight is cellular, and what are the types of cells involved?
2%; includes Osteogenic cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts.
How many bones are in the hands and feet?
Hands: 27 bones each (8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges); Feet: 26 bones each (7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges).
What does the term “superior” mean in anatomical terminology?
Above or towards the head
Describe the structure and function of the rib cage.
Made up of ribs and sternum; protects major organs like the heart and lungs.
What does the term “proximal” mean in anatomical terminology?
Closer to the point of attachment or origin.
Describe the functions of the skeletal system.
Support, movement, protection, storage of minerals, and red blood cell formation.
What is feedforward in homeostasis?
Anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, leading to actions that minimize the effect.
What makes up the inorganic component of bone?
Hydroxyapatite and other calcium minerals; it makes bone hard and resistant to compression.
What happens during bone remodelling?
Osteoblasts add bone matrix to the surface, and osteoclasts remove bone from the medullary cavity.
What is the function of trabeculae in cancellous bone?
Resist force from multiple directions and spread force distally.
What are movements in the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension.
How do atoms, molecules, cells, and tissues relate to each other?
Atoms combine to form molecules, which interact to form cells that can secrete and regulate. These cells and extracellular materials and fluids combine to form tissues.
What is the transverse plane?
The plane that divides the body into top and bottom sections.