Lecture 5 Flashcards
Where is the primary ossification center located, and what does it do?
In the diaphysis (shaft); it develops bone at different times.
Where are the secondary ossification centers located, and what is their function?
In the epiphyses; they enable bone growth in length through the epiphyseal/growth plate.
How does bone grow in width?
Through appositional growth; osteoblasts add bone matrix to the surface, and osteoclasts remove bone matrix from the inside.
What are the key soft tissues involved in joint movement?
Cartilage (hyaline and fibrocartilage) and DFCT (ligaments, tendons, and joint capsules).
What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
To resist compression, mold bone surfaces at joints, and enable frictionless movement.
What is the function of fibrocartilage?
To resist tension and compression, act as a shock absorber, and deepen articular surfaces.
Describe the three types of joints.
Fibrous (least movement, provides stability), Cartilaginous (some movement, connected by fibrocartilage), and Synovial (most movement, made of various tissues).
What is the function of fibrous joints?
To limit movement and provide stability, found in sutures of the skull and distal tibiofibular joint.
What is the function of cartilaginous joints?
To allow some movement, found in intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis.
What is the function of synovial joints?
To allow a lot of movement, found in most appendicular skeleton joints.
What is DFCT, and what are its characteristics?
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue; contains fibroblasts, collagen, and some elastin, resists tension, and has little vascularity.
What is the function of ligaments?
To connect bone to bone, resist tension, and restrict movement away from themselves.
What is the function of tendons?
To connect muscle to bone, facilitate and control movement, and transmit muscle contraction to bone.
What is bony congruence?
The sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation, requiring more soft tissue where there is less congruence.
Define tissue and structure.
Tissue: Cells grouped together in an organized manner (e.g., DFCT). Structure: Something formed of a tissue (e.g., ligament).
