Lecture Final Exam Review Sheet (54-56) Flashcards
occurs when species compete for a resource in short supply
interspecific competition interaction (-/-)
what can strong competition lead to?
competitive exclusion
what is competitive exclusion?
local elimination of a competing species
what does the competitive exclusion principle state?
two species competing for the same limiting resources cannot exist in the same place
refers to an interaction in which one species, the predator, kills and eat the other, the prey
predation interaction (+/-)
what are some feeding adaption of predators?
claws, fangs and poison
what defensive adaptions do prey display? (2) (BMM)
1) behavioral adaption
2) morphilogical and physiological defensive adaption
3) mechanical and defense protects species such as skunks and porcupines
what type of behavioral adaptions do prey display? (5) (HFFSA)
1) hiding
2) fleeing
3) forming herds or schools
4) self-defense
5) alarm calls
what can animals with effective chemical defense often exhibit?
bright warming coloration called apesomatic coloration
what makes prey difficult to spot?
cryptic coloration or camouflage
in some cases how may species gain significant protection?
by mimicking the appearance of another species
what is a batesian mimicry?
when a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model
what can mimicry also be used by?
predators to approach prey
what is an example of mimicrys being used for predators to approach prey?
the mimic octopus can take on the appearance and movement of more than a dozen marine animals
what is a mullerian mimicry?
two or more unpalatable species resemble each other
what is an example of a mullerian mimicry?
the yellow jacket and cuckoo bee
refers to an interaction in which an herbivore eat part of a plant or alga
herbivory interaction (+/-)
what has herbivory interaction led to?
evolution of plant, and chemical defenses and adaption in herbivores.
what is symbiosis?
a relationship where two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another.
what is a species fundamental niche?
potentially occupied by that species
what is a species realized niche?
the niche actually occupied by that species
as a result of competition what may happen?
a species fundamental niche may differ from their realized niche
what is an example of a species fundamental niche differing from their realized niche as a result of competition?
the presence of one barnacle species limits the realized niche of another niche
when one organism, the parasite derives nourishment from another organism, its host which is harmed in the process
parasitism interaction (+/-)