LAB Final Part 1 (Reproductive) Flashcards
what types of sexual reproduction occur in the animal kingdom?
both sexual and asexual
the creation of offspring by fusion of male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (egg) to form a zygote
sexual reproduction
creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and sperm
asexual reproduction
what is an example of animal reproduction taking many forms?
sea slugs are both male and female, each one producing both eggs and sperm
how does a population only live out its members?
by reproduction, the generation of new individuals from existing ones
a simple form of asexual reproduction found only among invertebrates
budding
how do new individuals arise with budding?
from outgrowths of existing ones
a way many invertebrates reproduce asexually where the separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about the same size
fission
characteristics of budding (3) (OOS)
1) offspring grow from parents body
2) once a certain size offspring are released from parents
3) some species offspring remain attached
steps with fragmentation (2) (PE)
1) the parent’s body is broken into more than one piece
2) each piece regenerates to form new individuals is
does fragmentation happen on purpose?
no always
what must fragmentation be accompanied by?
regeneration
regrowth of lost body parts
regeneration
when an unfertilized egg produces an individual
parthogenesis
what do sexual females have compared to asexual females and what is that?
half as many daughters, it’s the “twofold cost” of sexual reproduction
despite the twofold cost of sexual reproduction, how do most eukarayotic species reproduce?
sexually
by producing offspring of varied phenotypes what may enhance reproductive success when environmental factors change rapidly?
sexual reproduction
what type of reproduction is expected to be most advantageous in stable, favorable environments
asexual
what do most animals exhibit reproductive cycles related to?
changing seasons
what are reproductive cycles controlled by?
hormones and environmental cues
the release of mature eggs at the midpoint of a female cycel
ovulation
since seasonal temperature is often an important cue in reproduction what can decrease reproductive success?
climate change
how can some oraganism produce depending on conditions?
sexually or asexually
what do several genera of fishes, amphibians and lizards reproduce only by a complex form of?
parthegenosis