Lecture 9 DNA Replication and Transcription Flashcards
What does semi-conservative mean
each daughter cells gets one DNA strand from the mother cell
What is a orgin of replication
where DNA replication starts
What is ARS
DNA sequences in Eukaryotes
What is ORCV
proteins that bing ARS
What is a replication fork
A junction of two daughter and one mother DNA strands that comes in a pair and move away from the ARS
What is a replication bubble
2 replication forks and DNA in between them; all is double stranded
What is helicase
Brought in form the ORC and pulls DNA strands apart
Used to “melt” H bonds between DNA strands
What is Topiosomerase
removes supercoils or twisting of DNA ahead of the replication fork
What is Replication Protein A (RPA)
binds and protects single stranded DNA
What is DNA polymerase
allows to make new strands in 5’ to 3’ direction
What is the leading strand
Made in same direction as the replication fork moves
What is the lagging strand
made in the opposite direction of which the replication fork moves
What is an Okazaki Fragment
A segment of DNA made on the lagging strand
What is Primase
starts at each Okazaki Fragment
What is DNA polymerase “sigma”
Finishes Okazaki Fragments including replacing RNA from previous fragments
What is Ligase
puts Okazaki fragments together
What is PCNA
Makes a donut around DNA and keeps DNA polymerase from falling off
What is Replication Factor C (RCF)
gets the PCNA to go around DNA
What is RNA polymerase
Synthesizes RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction
Is PCNA involved in RNA synthesis?
NO
no proofreading and primer either
What are transcription factors?
proteins that can either help/hinder RNA polymerase binding to the promoter
Is a promoter located upstream or downstream of RNA polymerase
Upstream- in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What the fuck is a TATA box!
Part of the promoter where DNA is first “melted” (H bonds broken)
What are TAFs
They bind the TATA box binding proteins (TBP) and recruit RNA polymerase
What is a TBP
Binds a TATA box and brings in TAF
What is Elongation (not sexual I swear)
Making RNA (uses transcription bubbles)
What are transcription bubbles
pulls apart a section of DNA and then puts it back together
What is termination (look out Sarah Conner!)
When transcription stops and RNA is released (not the governator)
What are response elements
DNA sequences that bind nuclear receptors
What are Enhancers/Silencers
DNA sequences that will either up/down regulate transcription
Why is transcription factor Gal4 important?
it is used in yeast-2-hybrid
