Lecture 9 DNA Replication and Transcription

Question 1

What does semi-conservative mean

Answer 1

each daughter cells gets one DNA strand from the mother cell

Question 2

What is a orgin of replication

Answer 2

where DNA replication starts

Question 3

What is ARS

Answer 3

DNA sequences in Eukaryotes

Question 4

What is ORCV

Answer 4

proteins that bing ARS

Question 5

What is a replication fork

Answer 5

A junction of two daughter and one mother DNA strands that comes in a pair and move away from the ARS

Question 6

What is a replication bubble

Answer 6

2 replication forks and DNA in between them; all is double stranded

Question 7

What is helicase

Answer 7

Brought in form the ORC and pulls DNA strands apart

Used to “melt” H bonds between DNA strands

Question 8

What is Topiosomerase

Answer 8

removes supercoils or twisting of DNA ahead of the replication fork

Question 9

What is Replication Protein A (RPA)

Answer 9

binds and protects single stranded DNA

Question 10

What is DNA polymerase

Answer 10

allows to make new strands in 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 11

What is the leading strand

Answer 11

Made in same direction as the replication fork moves

Question 12

What is the lagging strand

Answer 12

made in the opposite direction of which the replication fork moves

Question 13

What is an Okazaki Fragment

Answer 13

A segment of DNA made on the lagging strand

Question 14

What is Primase

Answer 14

starts at each Okazaki Fragment

Question 15

What is DNA polymerase “sigma”

Answer 15

Finishes Okazaki Fragments including replacing RNA from previous fragments

Question 16

What is Ligase

Answer 16

puts Okazaki fragments together

Question 17

What is PCNA

Answer 17

Makes a donut around DNA and keeps DNA polymerase from falling off

Question 18

What is Replication Factor C (RCF)

Answer 18

gets the PCNA to go around DNA

Question 19

What is RNA polymerase

Answer 19

Synthesizes RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 20

Is PCNA involved in RNA synthesis?

Answer 20

NO

no proofreading and primer either

Question 21

What are transcription factors?

Answer 21

proteins that can either help/hinder RNA polymerase binding to the promoter

Question 22

Is a promoter located upstream or downstream of RNA polymerase

Answer 22

Upstream- in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 23

What the fuck is a TATA box!

Answer 23

Part of the promoter where DNA is first “melted” (H bonds broken)

Question 24

What are TAFs

Answer 24

They bind the TATA box binding proteins (TBP) and recruit RNA polymerase

Question 25

What is a TBP

Answer 25

Binds a TATA box and brings in TAF

Question 26

What is Elongation (not sexual I swear)

Answer 26

Making RNA (uses transcription bubbles)

Question 27

What are transcription bubbles

Answer 27

pulls apart a section of DNA and then puts it back together

Question 28

What is termination (look out Sarah Conner!)

Answer 28

When transcription stops and RNA is released (not the governator)

Question 29

What are response elements

Answer 29

DNA sequences that bind nuclear receptors

Question 30

What are Enhancers/Silencers

Answer 30

DNA sequences that will either up/down regulate transcription

Question 31

Why is transcription factor Gal4 important?

Answer 31

it is used in yeast-2-hybrid