Lecture 1 Overview/Introduction

Question 1

What is biochemistry

Answer 1

structure/function of proteins

Question 2

what is biochemistry

Answer 2

DNA inheritance and expression

Question 3

what is molecular biology

Answer 3

manipulation of DNA invetro

Question 4

all lipids are what?

Answer 4

amphipathic

Question 5

what two parts do lipids have

Answer 5

A hdryophobic part and a hydrophilic part

Question 6

what is the common base for all lipids

Answer 6

glycerol

Question 7

glycerol has how many carbons

Answer 7

3 carbons

2 are bound to fatty acids
1 is bound to a hydrophilic part

Question 8

what are fatty acids

Answer 8

a chain of carbons with a carbon dioxide on one end

Question 9

Fatty acids are classified as X:Y. What is X and what is Y

Answer 9

X is the number of carbons

Y is the number of double bonds

Question 10

Ratios of the Fatty Acids: Myristate, Palmitate, Stearate, Arachidonate

Answer 10

14:0, 16:0, 18:0, and 20:4

Question 11

What is a micelle, vesicle, and bilayer

Answer 11

Miscelle: solid ball
Vesicle: (liposome) small space inside the ball
Bilayer: cell membrane

Question 12

why are lipids important in cell biology

Answer 12

they create compartments

Question 13

The principle of technique of cell biology is?

Answer 13

microscopy (light or electron)

Question 14

what is the primary structure of proteins

Answer 14

sequence of amino acids

Question 15

Amino acids can be ____, _____, or _____

Answer 15

hydrophobic, polar, or charged

Question 16

what is the secondary structure of proteions

Answer 16

1) random coil (no structure)
2) alphahelix
3) beta sheet (hydrogen bonds between different strands)

Question 17

What is the tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 17

A complete 3D structure that can fold independently and have a unique function

Question 18

what is the quaternary structure of proteins

Answer 18

if multiple proteins form 1 comlex

Question 19

what is protein binding

Answer 19

different bindings that forms the shape of a protein

Question 20

what determines if two proteins will bind?

Answer 20

shape and surface characteristics

Question 21

What are kinetics

Answer 21

The study of what reactions are thermodynamically favorable and how quickly they will occur

Question 22

What are chaperones?

Answer 22

Heat shock proteins what cover the hydrophobic parts of the protein while folding

Question 23

what are chaperonins?

Answer 23

proteins that use energy to jostle proteins to help it fold

Question 24

What is phosphorylation

Answer 24

the most important protein function in which PO4 is added

Question 25

What are kinases

Answer 25

enzymes that add PO4

Question 26

What are phospatases

Answer 26

enzymes that remove PO4

Question 27

how are old organelles or proteins degraded

Answer 27

by the lysosome/vacuole

Question 28

How are proteins in the cytosol modified

Answer 28

by chains of ubiquitin

Steps:
E1- binds ubiquitin molecule (uses ATP)
E2- ubiquitin is transferred to E2
E3- transfer ubiquitin from E2 to the protein to be degraded

Question 29

Polyubiquinated proteins are recognized by what

Answer 29

the proteosome