Lecture 1 Overview/Introduction Flashcards
What is biochemistry
structure/function of proteins
what is biochemistry
DNA inheritance and expression
what is molecular biology
manipulation of DNA invetro
all lipids are what?
amphipathic
what two parts do lipids have
A hdryophobic part and a hydrophilic part
what is the common base for all lipids
glycerol
glycerol has how many carbons
3 carbons
2 are bound to fatty acids
1 is bound to a hydrophilic part
what are fatty acids
a chain of carbons with a carbon dioxide on one end
Fatty acids are classified as X:Y. What is X and what is Y
X is the number of carbons
Y is the number of double bonds
Ratios of the Fatty Acids: Myristate, Palmitate, Stearate, Arachidonate
14:0, 16:0, 18:0, and 20:4
What is a micelle, vesicle, and bilayer
Miscelle: solid ball
Vesicle: (liposome) small space inside the ball
Bilayer: cell membrane
why are lipids important in cell biology
they create compartments
The principle of technique of cell biology is?
microscopy (light or electron)
what is the primary structure of proteins
sequence of amino acids
Amino acids can be ____, _____, or _____
hydrophobic, polar, or charged
what is the secondary structure of proteions
1) random coil (no structure)
2) alphahelix
3) beta sheet (hydrogen bonds between different strands)
What is the tertiary structure of proteins
A complete 3D structure that can fold independently and have a unique function
what is the quaternary structure of proteins
if multiple proteins form 1 comlex
what is protein binding
different bindings that forms the shape of a protein
what determines if two proteins will bind?
shape and surface characteristics
What are kinetics
The study of what reactions are thermodynamically favorable and how quickly they will occur
What are chaperones?
Heat shock proteins what cover the hydrophobic parts of the protein while folding
what are chaperonins?
proteins that use energy to jostle proteins to help it fold
What is phosphorylation
the most important protein function in which PO4 is added
What are kinases
enzymes that add PO4
What are phospatases
enzymes that remove PO4
how are old organelles or proteins degraded
by the lysosome/vacuole
How are proteins in the cytosol modified
by chains of ubiquitin
Steps:
E1- binds ubiquitin molecule (uses ATP)
E2- ubiquitin is transferred to E2
E3- transfer ubiquitin from E2 to the protein to be degraded
Polyubiquinated proteins are recognized by what
the proteosome
