Lecture 27- Cell Cycle Flashcards
What happens in the G1 phase?
Cells grow with unreplicated chromosomes
What happens in the S phase
DNA is synthesized:
Chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids are created
What happens in the g2 phase
Cell is growing again with replicated chromosomes
What phases consist interphase?
G1, S, and G2
What is the M-phase
Mitosis
What is prophase
Chromosomes condense and reorganize
Golgi disassembles
Nuclear envelope breaks down
What is metaphase
Replicated chromosomes line up on the spindle
What is anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
What is telophase
Undoing prophase
What is cytokinesis
An animal cell process
Pinching of the plasma membrane in order to separate
What is the cell plate process
A plant cell process
A new cell wall is built at the center of the mitotic spindle
What is the G0 phase
A specialized resting phase. The cell is not growing. Usually with unreplicated chromosomes
What is an oocyte?
A diploid cell that will make one egg
What is a maturation promoting factor (MPF)?
When MPF is injected into oocytes, it stimulates the cell to enter meiosis or mitosis
What are temperature-sensitive proteins
Proteins that function at low temps but not at high temps
What does permissive and restrictive temperatures mean?
Permissive temperatures allow cells to work. Restrictive temperatures do not allow cells to work.
What are CDC mutants?
Mutant cells that when under restrictive temperatures, the cell cycle stops at a specific point
What is a restriction point?
The transition from G1 to S phases in the cell cycle that are restricted.
What are mitogens?
A primary messenger that tells cells to enter the cell cycle. Triggers the cyclin dependent process.
What is CDK?
A kinase that is inactive unless bound by cyclin
What are the functions of cyclin
Bind/activate CDK and recruit substrates
What are G1 cyclins?
Present during G1 phase. Activate S-phase cyclins in response to mitogens
What are S-phase cyclins?
Cyclins that control synthesis of DNA. Set up mitotic cyclins
