Lecture 9 Flashcards
What does rotavirus enteritis infect
Neonates as colossal and milk antibodies decline and at weaning
What does rotavirus enteritis affect
epithelium in upper 2/3 of villi
How is coronavirus enteritis different to rotavirus enteritis
Can me more severe and prolonged Colitis as well as enteritis
Adenovirus enteritis: what does it cause when it is systemic
Mild respiratory infection Liver and kidneys also affected Endothelial cells often affected
E.coli: where is it located
It is normal flora of intestines
E.coli: what are young animals at risk of
Coliform diarrhoea - esp. if lack colostrum, have poor nutrition, over crowding, unsanitary conditions
What are the several clinical syndromes with E.coli
Neopnatal diarrhoea/scours: enterotoxigenic colibacillosis Septicaemia: enteroinvasive colibacillosis Odema disease Post weaning colibacillosis Enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis Attaching and effacing E.coli
What does Neonatal Colibacillosis cause
Neonatal diarrhoea Hypersecretory diarrhoea: bacterial enterotoxins induce Na+, Cl- secretion into SI lumen and water follows
What does the diarrhoea of neonatal colibacillosis look like
Profuse yellow, watery, pasty
Signs of dehydration with Neonatal colibacillosis
Tucked up abdomen, sunken eyes
What would you see in an animal doing an necropsy with neonatal colibacillosis
Dilated, flaccid, yellow fluid-filled intestines Histologically normal intestines
What animal does septicaemia colibacillosis affect
Calves, lambs ooc. foals
How does septicaemia colibacillosis enter animals
Respiratory, oral or umbilical route
septicaemia colibacillosis: What are the clinical sings of septicaemia
May be sudden death, petechial haemorrhages Fibrinous arthritis, serositis, meningitis, nephritis
septicaemia colibacillosis: necropsy
Petechiae and fibrin in any location of body
What does enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis affect
Humans
What is the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing E.coli
E.coli attach to microvilli border of enterocytes - disruption to digestive enzymes - maldigestion and malabsorption diarrhoea -> osmotic diarrhoea
What spp are salmonellosis
Enteroinvasive bacteria
What does the form or salmonellosis depend on
Dosage, previous exposure, stress factor Some recovered animals become carriers and shed in faeces
What are the 3 types of salmonella
- Per acute salmonella septicaemia 2. Acute enteric salmonellosis 3. Chronic enteric salmonellosis
What does Per acute salmonella septicaemia affect
Calves, foals, pigs - Esp. young - Often fatal 1-6 months
What can be seen with Per acute salmonella septicaemia
Fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels - Wide spread petechial haemorrhages - Peripheral cyanosis
What is death due to with Per acute salmonella septicaemia
DIC
What does Acute enteric salmonellosis infect
Cattle, pigs, horses
What does Acute enteric salmonellosis cause
Severe enteritis - Diffuse catarrhal enteritis - Diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis
What happens to Kupffer cells with Acute enteric salmonellosis
Multifocal hepatic necrosis with hyperplasia
What is pathognomic for Acute enteric salmonellosis
Fibrinous cholecystitis
What is common with Acute enteric salmonellosis
Lymphadenopathy
What animals does Chronic enteric salmonellosis infect
Cattle, pigs, horses
What is often seen in pigs with Chronic enteric salmonellosis
Lesions - button ulcers - Discrete foci of necrosis and ulceration
What does Chronic enteric salmonellosis cause
Vascular thrombosis of vessels - pigs can develop rectal strictures
What is the most important cause of clostridial enteritis
Clostrudium perfringens
What are Clostrudium perfringens classified as
Types A-E - Depending on the toxins they produce - Major toxins, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota
What is the most frequent clostridium in animals and environment
Clostridium perfringens type A
What does Clostridium perfringens type A cause
Enteritis: usually mild diarrhoea, minimal intestinal damage
What does Clostridium perfringens type B cause
Lamb dysentery - Very young lambs - Sudden death - Anorexia - +/- severe bloody diarrhoea
What is Clostridium perfringens type C
Enterotoxic haemorrgagic enteriris
What does Clostridium perfringens type C infect
Calves, lambs, foals 1st few days of life Piglets 1st 8 hours of life
Necropsy of Clostridium perfringens type C
Haemorrhagic or necrosing enteritis of S.I
What is ‘Struck’
Clostridium perfringens type C - Adult seep, goats, feedlot cattle - Winter and early spring - Haemorrhagic enteritis, ulceration, peritonitis, ascites
What is Clostridium perfringens type D known as
Enterotoxaemia - overeating disease
How does over eating disease occur
Sudden dietary changes cause growth of organisms
Clostridium perfringens type D: what causes endothelial cell damage
Angiotoxin
Clostridium perfringens type D: clinical signs
Sudden death, CNS signs, diarrhoea
Clostridium perfringens type D: necropsy findings
Multisystemic haemorrhages esp. serosal surfaces - Dilates S.I. with petechiae, ecchymoses, haemorrhage - Pericardinal effusion - Bilateral symmetrical encephalomalcia
Clostridium perfringens type D: sheep
Pulp kidney disease of sheep
What is Clostridium perfringens type E
Necrohaemorrhagic enteritis
What is clostridium pilizforme commonly called
Tyzzer’s disease - Entery via GIT -> necrosinf and oedema in liver, intestines, heart - Silver stain to demonstrate organisms
What does clostridium difficile cause in horses
Necrotising colitis in horses
What does clostridium difficile cause in pigs
Typhlocolitis outbreaks
What does clostridium spiroforme cause in rabbits and rodents
Enterotoxaemia
What does What does clostridium colinum cause in stressed birds
ulcerative colitis
What are general bacterial diseases of intestines
Campylobacter spp. - food safety issue - important emerging zoonosis Yerinosis - gram negative coccobacilli, mild to severe diarrhoea in ruminants Mycobacterosis Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis
What is mycobacteriosis
Intestinal mycobacteriosis that is uncommon in cattle, calves and primates - Chromic wasting disease
What does mycobacteriosis cause
Rough, thickened intestinal mucosa and granulomatous enteritis
What causes pigs to get mycobacteriosis
If they are fed chicken litter as protein source
What animal is Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis common in (per acute)
Ruminants
What does Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis cause
Bacteraemia and septicaemia
Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis: common in
Horses, pigs, dogs cats - Oropharyngeal form and intestinal forms - Ulcers, necrosis and lymphadenopathy
What are the general Protista disease of the intestines
- Cocidiosis 2. Cryptosporidiosis 3. Amoebiasis 4. Giardiasis 5. Truchomoniasis
What is coccidiosis and what is it caused by
Intestinal pathology mainly caused by the homoxrnous genera Eimeria and Isopora
Where is coccidiosis mainly
Intensively raised, young, production animals
What is the pathogenesis of coccidiosis
Invade enterocytes apical and crypt, rarely deeper
What cause damage with coccidiosis
Release of large number from enterocytes
What happens with coccidiosis
Exudative and malabsorption diarrhoea Proliferative- fibronecrotic - haemorrhage enteritis
Whereis cryptosporidiosis mainly seen
Associated disease more commonly seen in calves, lambs and foals particularly immunocompromised
Is cryptosporidiosis zoonotic
Yes
What is the pathology of cryptosporidiosis
Organisms in protruding parasitophorous vacuole on surface of villous enterocytes
What does cryptosporidiosis cause
Mainly villous atrophy and malabsorptive diarrhoea
What are the general helminth diseases of the intestines
- Ascariasis 2. Hookworm 3. Trichuriasos 4. Strongyloidosis 5. Pinworms 6. Cestodes 7. Acanthocephalans
Rota virus infection
Rotavirus enteritis
Canine coronavirus enteritis
Enterotoxic colibacillousis
Per acute salmonellosis
Enteric salmonellosis button ulcers
Chronic enteric salmonellosis button ulcers
Clostridial enteritis foal
Clostridium perfringens type C Haemorrhagic enteritis: S.I. Pig
Tyzzer’s Disease (clostridium piliformis)
Caecal coccidiosis poultry (Eimeria tenella)
Coccidiosis calf
Cryptosporidiosis
