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Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does rotavirus enteritis infect

A

Neonates as colossal and milk antibodies decline and at weaning

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2
Q

What does rotavirus enteritis affect

A

epithelium in upper 2/3 of villi

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3
Q

How is coronavirus enteritis different to rotavirus enteritis

A

Can me more severe and prolonged Colitis as well as enteritis

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4
Q

Adenovirus enteritis: what does it cause when it is systemic

A

Mild respiratory infection Liver and kidneys also affected Endothelial cells often affected

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5
Q

E.coli: where is it located

A

It is normal flora of intestines

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6
Q

E.coli: what are young animals at risk of

A

Coliform diarrhoea - esp. if lack colostrum, have poor nutrition, over crowding, unsanitary conditions

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7
Q

What are the several clinical syndromes with E.coli

A

Neopnatal diarrhoea/scours: enterotoxigenic colibacillosis Septicaemia: enteroinvasive colibacillosis Odema disease Post weaning colibacillosis Enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis Attaching and effacing E.coli

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8
Q

What does Neonatal Colibacillosis cause

A

Neonatal diarrhoea Hypersecretory diarrhoea: bacterial enterotoxins induce Na+, Cl- secretion into SI lumen and water follows

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9
Q

What does the diarrhoea of neonatal colibacillosis look like

A

Profuse yellow, watery, pasty

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10
Q

Signs of dehydration with Neonatal colibacillosis

A

Tucked up abdomen, sunken eyes

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11
Q

What would you see in an animal doing an necropsy with neonatal colibacillosis

A

Dilated, flaccid, yellow fluid-filled intestines Histologically normal intestines

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12
Q

What animal does septicaemia colibacillosis affect

A

Calves, lambs ooc. foals

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13
Q

How does septicaemia colibacillosis enter animals

A

Respiratory, oral or umbilical route

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14
Q

septicaemia colibacillosis: What are the clinical sings of septicaemia

A

May be sudden death, petechial haemorrhages Fibrinous arthritis, serositis, meningitis, nephritis

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15
Q

septicaemia colibacillosis: necropsy

A

Petechiae and fibrin in any location of body

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16
Q

What does enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis affect

A

Humans

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing E.coli

A

E.coli attach to microvilli border of enterocytes - disruption to digestive enzymes - maldigestion and malabsorption diarrhoea -> osmotic diarrhoea

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18
Q

What spp are salmonellosis

A

Enteroinvasive bacteria

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19
Q

What does the form or salmonellosis depend on

A

Dosage, previous exposure, stress factor Some recovered animals become carriers and shed in faeces

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of salmonella

A
  1. Per acute salmonella septicaemia 2. Acute enteric salmonellosis 3. Chronic enteric salmonellosis
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21
Q

What does Per acute salmonella septicaemia affect

A

Calves, foals, pigs - Esp. young - Often fatal 1-6 months

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22
Q

What can be seen with Per acute salmonella septicaemia

A

Fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels - Wide spread petechial haemorrhages - Peripheral cyanosis

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23
Q

What is death due to with Per acute salmonella septicaemia

A

DIC

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24
Q

What does Acute enteric salmonellosis infect

A

Cattle, pigs, horses

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25
What does Acute enteric salmonellosis cause
Severe enteritis - Diffuse catarrhal enteritis - Diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis
26
What happens to Kupffer cells with Acute enteric salmonellosis
Multifocal hepatic necrosis with hyperplasia
27
What is pathognomic for Acute enteric salmonellosis
Fibrinous cholecystitis
28
What is common with Acute enteric salmonellosis
Lymphadenopathy
29
What animals does Chronic enteric salmonellosis infect
Cattle, pigs, horses
30
What is often seen in pigs with Chronic enteric salmonellosis
Lesions - button ulcers - Discrete foci of necrosis and ulceration
31
What does Chronic enteric salmonellosis cause
Vascular thrombosis of vessels - pigs can develop rectal strictures
32
What is the most important cause of clostridial enteritis
Clostrudium perfringens
33
What are Clostrudium perfringens classified as
Types A-E - Depending on the toxins they produce - Major toxins, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota
34
What is the most frequent clostridium in animals and environment
Clostridium perfringens type A
35
What does Clostridium perfringens type A cause
Enteritis: usually mild diarrhoea, minimal intestinal damage
36
What does Clostridium perfringens type B cause
Lamb dysentery - Very young lambs - Sudden death - Anorexia - +/- severe bloody diarrhoea
37
What is Clostridium perfringens type C
Enterotoxic haemorrgagic enteriris
38
What does Clostridium perfringens type C infect
Calves, lambs, foals 1st few days of life Piglets 1st 8 hours of life
39
Necropsy of Clostridium perfringens type C
Haemorrhagic or necrosing enteritis of S.I
40
What is 'Struck'
Clostridium perfringens type C - Adult seep, goats, feedlot cattle - Winter and early spring - Haemorrhagic enteritis, ulceration, peritonitis, ascites
41
What is Clostridium perfringens type D known as
Enterotoxaemia - overeating disease
42
How does over eating disease occur
Sudden dietary changes cause growth of organisms
43
Clostridium perfringens type D: what causes endothelial cell damage
Angiotoxin
44
Clostridium perfringens type D: clinical signs
Sudden death, CNS signs, diarrhoea
45
Clostridium perfringens type D: necropsy findings
Multisystemic haemorrhages esp. serosal surfaces - Dilates S.I. with petechiae, ecchymoses, haemorrhage - Pericardinal effusion - Bilateral symmetrical encephalomalcia
46
Clostridium perfringens type D: sheep
Pulp kidney disease of sheep
47
What is Clostridium perfringens type E
Necrohaemorrhagic enteritis
48
What is clostridium pilizforme commonly called
Tyzzer's disease - Entery via GIT -\> necrosinf and oedema in liver, intestines, heart - Silver stain to demonstrate organisms
49
What does clostridium difficile cause in horses
Necrotising colitis in horses
50
What does clostridium difficile cause in pigs
Typhlocolitis outbreaks
51
What does clostridium spiroforme cause in rabbits and rodents
Enterotoxaemia
52
What does What does clostridium colinum cause in stressed birds
ulcerative colitis
53
What are general bacterial diseases of intestines
Campylobacter spp. - food safety issue - important emerging zoonosis Yerinosis - gram negative coccobacilli, mild to severe diarrhoea in ruminants Mycobacterosis Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis
54
What is mycobacteriosis
Intestinal mycobacteriosis that is uncommon in cattle, calves and primates - Chromic wasting disease
55
What does mycobacteriosis cause
Rough, thickened intestinal mucosa and granulomatous enteritis
56
What causes pigs to get mycobacteriosis
If they are fed chicken litter as protein source
57
What animal is Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis common in (per acute)
Ruminants
58
What does Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis cause
Bacteraemia and septicaemia
59
Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis: common in
Horses, pigs, dogs cats - Oropharyngeal form and intestinal forms - Ulcers, necrosis and lymphadenopathy
60
What are the general Protista disease of the intestines
1. Cocidiosis 2. Cryptosporidiosis 3. Amoebiasis 4. Giardiasis 5. Truchomoniasis
61
What is coccidiosis and what is it caused by
Intestinal pathology mainly caused by the homoxrnous genera Eimeria and Isopora
62
Where is coccidiosis mainly
Intensively raised, young, production animals
63
What is the pathogenesis of coccidiosis
Invade enterocytes apical and crypt, rarely deeper
64
What cause damage with coccidiosis
Release of large number from enterocytes
65
What happens with coccidiosis
Exudative and malabsorption diarrhoea Proliferative- fibronecrotic - haemorrhage enteritis
66
Whereis cryptosporidiosis mainly seen
Associated disease more commonly seen in calves, lambs and foals particularly immunocompromised
67
Is cryptosporidiosis zoonotic
Yes
68
What is the pathology of cryptosporidiosis
Organisms in protruding parasitophorous vacuole on surface of villous enterocytes
69
What does cryptosporidiosis cause
Mainly villous atrophy and malabsorptive diarrhoea
70
What are the general helminth diseases of the intestines
1. Ascariasis 2. Hookworm 3. Trichuriasos 4. Strongyloidosis 5. Pinworms 6. Cestodes 7. Acanthocephalans
71
Rota virus infection
72
Rotavirus enteritis
73
Canine coronavirus enteritis
74
Enterotoxic colibacillousis
75
Per acute salmonellosis
76
Enteric salmonellosis button ulcers
77
Chronic enteric salmonellosis button ulcers
78
Clostridial enteritis foal
79
Clostridium perfringens type C Haemorrhagic enteritis: S.I. Pig
80
81
Tyzzer's Disease (clostridium piliformis)
82
Caecal coccidiosis poultry (Eimeria tenella)
83
Coccidiosis calf
84
Cryptosporidiosis

Pathology (26 decks)

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