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Pathology > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does rotavirus enteritis infect

A

Neonates as colossal and milk antibodies decline and at weaning

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2
Q

What does rotavirus enteritis affect

A

epithelium in upper 2/3 of villi

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3
Q

How is coronavirus enteritis different to rotavirus enteritis

A

Can me more severe and prolonged Colitis as well as enteritis

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4
Q

Adenovirus enteritis: what does it cause when it is systemic

A

Mild respiratory infection Liver and kidneys also affected Endothelial cells often affected

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5
Q

E.coli: where is it located

A

It is normal flora of intestines

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6
Q

E.coli: what are young animals at risk of

A

Coliform diarrhoea - esp. if lack colostrum, have poor nutrition, over crowding, unsanitary conditions

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7
Q

What are the several clinical syndromes with E.coli

A

Neopnatal diarrhoea/scours: enterotoxigenic colibacillosis Septicaemia: enteroinvasive colibacillosis Odema disease Post weaning colibacillosis Enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis Attaching and effacing E.coli

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8
Q

What does Neonatal Colibacillosis cause

A

Neonatal diarrhoea Hypersecretory diarrhoea: bacterial enterotoxins induce Na+, Cl- secretion into SI lumen and water follows

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9
Q

What does the diarrhoea of neonatal colibacillosis look like

A

Profuse yellow, watery, pasty

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10
Q

Signs of dehydration with Neonatal colibacillosis

A

Tucked up abdomen, sunken eyes

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11
Q

What would you see in an animal doing an necropsy with neonatal colibacillosis

A

Dilated, flaccid, yellow fluid-filled intestines Histologically normal intestines

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12
Q

What animal does septicaemia colibacillosis affect

A

Calves, lambs ooc. foals

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13
Q

How does septicaemia colibacillosis enter animals

A

Respiratory, oral or umbilical route

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14
Q

septicaemia colibacillosis: What are the clinical sings of septicaemia

A

May be sudden death, petechial haemorrhages Fibrinous arthritis, serositis, meningitis, nephritis

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15
Q

septicaemia colibacillosis: necropsy

A

Petechiae and fibrin in any location of body

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16
Q

What does enterohaemorrhagic colibacillosis affect

A

Humans

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing E.coli

A

E.coli attach to microvilli border of enterocytes - disruption to digestive enzymes - maldigestion and malabsorption diarrhoea -> osmotic diarrhoea

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18
Q

What spp are salmonellosis

A

Enteroinvasive bacteria

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19
Q

What does the form or salmonellosis depend on

A

Dosage, previous exposure, stress factor Some recovered animals become carriers and shed in faeces

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of salmonella

A
  1. Per acute salmonella septicaemia 2. Acute enteric salmonellosis 3. Chronic enteric salmonellosis
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21
Q

What does Per acute salmonella septicaemia affect

A

Calves, foals, pigs - Esp. young - Often fatal 1-6 months

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22
Q

What can be seen with Per acute salmonella septicaemia

A

Fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels - Wide spread petechial haemorrhages - Peripheral cyanosis

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23
Q

What is death due to with Per acute salmonella septicaemia

A

DIC

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24
Q

What does Acute enteric salmonellosis infect

A

Cattle, pigs, horses

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25
Q

What does Acute enteric salmonellosis cause

A

Severe enteritis - Diffuse catarrhal enteritis - Diffuse fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis

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26
Q

What happens to Kupffer cells with Acute enteric salmonellosis

A

Multifocal hepatic necrosis with hyperplasia

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27
Q

What is pathognomic for Acute enteric salmonellosis

A

Fibrinous cholecystitis

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28
Q

What is common with Acute enteric salmonellosis

A

Lymphadenopathy

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29
Q

What animals does Chronic enteric salmonellosis infect

A

Cattle, pigs, horses

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30
Q

What is often seen in pigs with Chronic enteric salmonellosis

A

Lesions - button ulcers - Discrete foci of necrosis and ulceration

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31
Q

What does Chronic enteric salmonellosis cause

A

Vascular thrombosis of vessels - pigs can develop rectal strictures

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32
Q

What is the most important cause of clostridial enteritis

A

Clostrudium perfringens

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33
Q

What are Clostrudium perfringens classified as

A

Types A-E - Depending on the toxins they produce - Major toxins, alpha, beta, epsilon, iota

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34
Q

What is the most frequent clostridium in animals and environment

A

Clostridium perfringens type A

35
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens type A cause

A

Enteritis: usually mild diarrhoea, minimal intestinal damage

36
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens type B cause

A

Lamb dysentery - Very young lambs - Sudden death - Anorexia - +/- severe bloody diarrhoea

37
Q

What is Clostridium perfringens type C

A

Enterotoxic haemorrgagic enteriris

38
Q

What does Clostridium perfringens type C infect

A

Calves, lambs, foals 1st few days of life Piglets 1st 8 hours of life

39
Q

Necropsy of Clostridium perfringens type C

A

Haemorrhagic or necrosing enteritis of S.I

40
Q

What is ‘Struck’

A

Clostridium perfringens type C - Adult seep, goats, feedlot cattle - Winter and early spring - Haemorrhagic enteritis, ulceration, peritonitis, ascites

41
Q

What is Clostridium perfringens type D known as

A

Enterotoxaemia - overeating disease

42
Q

How does over eating disease occur

A

Sudden dietary changes cause growth of organisms

43
Q

Clostridium perfringens type D: what causes endothelial cell damage

A

Angiotoxin

44
Q

Clostridium perfringens type D: clinical signs

A

Sudden death, CNS signs, diarrhoea

45
Q

Clostridium perfringens type D: necropsy findings

A

Multisystemic haemorrhages esp. serosal surfaces - Dilates S.I. with petechiae, ecchymoses, haemorrhage - Pericardinal effusion - Bilateral symmetrical encephalomalcia

46
Q

Clostridium perfringens type D: sheep

A

Pulp kidney disease of sheep

47
Q

What is Clostridium perfringens type E

A

Necrohaemorrhagic enteritis

48
Q

What is clostridium pilizforme commonly called

A

Tyzzer’s disease - Entery via GIT -> necrosinf and oedema in liver, intestines, heart - Silver stain to demonstrate organisms

49
Q

What does clostridium difficile cause in horses

A

Necrotising colitis in horses

50
Q

What does clostridium difficile cause in pigs

A

Typhlocolitis outbreaks

51
Q

What does clostridium spiroforme cause in rabbits and rodents

A

Enterotoxaemia

52
Q

What does What does clostridium colinum cause in stressed birds

A

ulcerative colitis

53
Q

What are general bacterial diseases of intestines

A

Campylobacter spp. - food safety issue - important emerging zoonosis Yerinosis - gram negative coccobacilli, mild to severe diarrhoea in ruminants Mycobacterosis Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis

54
Q

What is mycobacteriosis

A

Intestinal mycobacteriosis that is uncommon in cattle, calves and primates - Chromic wasting disease

55
Q

What does mycobacteriosis cause

A

Rough, thickened intestinal mucosa and granulomatous enteritis

56
Q

What causes pigs to get mycobacteriosis

A

If they are fed chicken litter as protein source

57
Q

What animal is Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis common in (per acute)

A

Ruminants

58
Q

What does Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis cause

A

Bacteraemia and septicaemia

59
Q

Alimentary anthrax: bacillus anthracis: common in

A

Horses, pigs, dogs cats - Oropharyngeal form and intestinal forms - Ulcers, necrosis and lymphadenopathy

60
Q

What are the general Protista disease of the intestines

A
  1. Cocidiosis 2. Cryptosporidiosis 3. Amoebiasis 4. Giardiasis 5. Truchomoniasis
61
Q

What is coccidiosis and what is it caused by

A

Intestinal pathology mainly caused by the homoxrnous genera Eimeria and Isopora

62
Q

Where is coccidiosis mainly

A

Intensively raised, young, production animals

63
Q

What is the pathogenesis of coccidiosis

A

Invade enterocytes apical and crypt, rarely deeper

64
Q

What cause damage with coccidiosis

A

Release of large number from enterocytes

65
Q

What happens with coccidiosis

A

Exudative and malabsorption diarrhoea Proliferative- fibronecrotic - haemorrhage enteritis

66
Q

Whereis cryptosporidiosis mainly seen

A

Associated disease more commonly seen in calves, lambs and foals particularly immunocompromised

67
Q

Is cryptosporidiosis zoonotic

A

Yes

68
Q

What is the pathology of cryptosporidiosis

A

Organisms in protruding parasitophorous vacuole on surface of villous enterocytes

69
Q

What does cryptosporidiosis cause

A

Mainly villous atrophy and malabsorptive diarrhoea

70
Q

What are the general helminth diseases of the intestines

A
  1. Ascariasis 2. Hookworm 3. Trichuriasos 4. Strongyloidosis 5. Pinworms 6. Cestodes 7. Acanthocephalans
71
Q
A

Rota virus infection

72
Q
A

Rotavirus enteritis

73
Q
A

Canine coronavirus enteritis

74
Q
A

Enterotoxic colibacillousis

75
Q
A

Per acute salmonellosis

76
Q
A

Enteric salmonellosis button ulcers

77
Q
A

Chronic enteric salmonellosis button ulcers

78
Q
A

Clostridial enteritis foal

79
Q
A

Clostridium perfringens type C Haemorrhagic enteritis: S.I. Pig

80
Q
A
81
Q
A

Tyzzer’s Disease (clostridium piliformis)

82
Q
A

Caecal coccidiosis poultry (Eimeria tenella)

83
Q
A

Coccidiosis calf

84
Q
A

Cryptosporidiosis

Pathology (26 decks)

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