Lecture 3

Question 1

What are some portals of injurious agent entry (4)

Answer 1

1. Ingestion 2. Coughed up from the lungs and swallowed 3. Systemic blood borne 4. Parasitic migration

Question 2

What are some portals of defence (4)

Answer 2

1, Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Normal flora 3. Taste buds 4. Saliva

Question 3

What to look for during an oral exam

Answer 3

Colour and capillary refill time

Question 4

What are pallor gums and what do they indicate

Answer 4

Pale gumes Anaemia, haemorrhage, ransack poisoning

Question 5

What are Icterus gums and what do they indicate

Answer 5

Jaundice - accumulation of bile in blood Haemilytic disorders and liver disease

Question 6

What are cyanosis gums and what do they indicate

Answer 6

Oxygen deficiency, methaemoglobinaemia

Question 7

What are congestion and oedema gums and what do they indicate

Answer 7

Bluetongue virus sheep: buccal mucosa and tongue

Question 8

What are Petechia/ecchymosis gums and what do they indicate

Answer 8

Septicaemia, inflammation, thrombocytopenia

Question 9

What are some developmental disorders of the oral cavity

Answer 9

Palatoschisis (cleft palate) Cheiloschisis

Question 10

What causes palatoschisis

Answer 10

Genetic or toxic origin

Question 11

What is palatoschisis

Answer 11

Failure of fusion of lateral palatine arches

Question 12

What does palatoschisis involve

Answer 12

Only soft palate or soft and hard palate

Question 13

What is cheioschisis

Answer 13

Failure of fusion of upper lip along philtrum

Question 14

Difference between erosions and ulcers

Answer 14

Erosion: superficial Ulcer: very deep

Question 15

List the viral-induced vesicular stomatitis (4)

Answer 15

1. FMDV 2. Vesicular stomatitis 3. Vesicular exanthema 4. Swine vesicular disease

Question 16

What are the factors that contribute to great economic loss with vesicular stomatitis (4)

Answer 16

1. Poor weight gain 2. Possible abortions associated with fever 3. Secondary bacterial infections 4. Exotic to Australia means export barriers

Question 17

What do vesicular viruses cause

Answer 17

Epitheliotrophic lesions - these are fluid filled vesicles in the epithelium of oral cavity, lips, rostral plate, tongue

Question 18

What are some signs of lesions (8)

Answer 18

1. Oral and nasal vesicle and bullae 2. Oral epithelium detaches leaving raw, ulcerated surfaces 3. Ptyalism 4. Conjunctivitis 5. Lameness 6. Ulcerations on mammaries and genitalia 7. Fever 8. Anorexia

Question 19

Best sample to take for vesicular stomatitis

Answer 19

Fluid from lesion

Question 20

What are the viruses that cause erosive/ulcerative stomatitis (6)

Answer 20

1. BVDV 2. Malignant Catarrhal Fever 3. Feline Calicivirus 4. Equine viral rhinotracheitis virus 5. BTV 6. Rinderpest

Question 21

What are some other causes for erosive/ulcerative stomatitides (5)

Answer 21

1. Uraemia 2. Foreign bodies 3. Caustic substances 4. Feline eosinophilc granuloma complex 5. Vit C deficiency

Question 22

What viruses cause papular stomatitis

Answer 22

1. Patapoxvirus 2. Contagious Ecthyma (these are both zoonotic)

Question 23

What does poxvirus cause

Answer 23

Ballooning degeneration of epithelial cells and cytoplasmic viral inclusions

Question 24

What does Orf cause

Answer 24

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic viral inclusions

Question 25

What is necrotising stomatitdes called

Answer 25

Oral necrobacillosis

Question 26

When do you see Oral necrobacillosis

Answer 26

At the end stage of other forms of stomatitis when complicated by infection with Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 27

What do you see with Oral necrobacillosis

Answer 27

Yellow/grey foci of necrosis surrounded by rim of hyperaemia

Question 28

What are the signs of Oral necrobacillosis

Answer 28

Swollen cheeks, anorexia, pyrexia, halitosis

Question 29

What animal is eosinophilic stomatitis seen it commonly

Answer 29

Cays

Question 30

What is the histological appearance of eosinophilic stomatitis

Answer 30

Central collagenolysis and mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate

Question 31

What is seen with lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis/stomatitis

Answer 31

Hyperplastic, ulcerated oral mucosa Red inflamed gums Foul breath Inappetence

Question 32

What is gingival hyperplasia

Answer 32

1. Overgrowth og gum tissue 2. Can bury gums 3. Common in boxers

Question 33

What does Epulis mean

Answer 33

Benign growth of the gingiva

Question 34

What are some oral neoplasms

Answer 34

1. Squamous cell carcinoma 2. Melanomas (usually malignant) 3. Fibrosarcomas (malignant) 4. Papillomas

Question 35

What does serosa help with

Answer 35

Healing

Question 36

What is megaoesophagus also called

Answer 36

Oesophageal ectasia

Question 37

What is primary tympany

Answer 37

Frothy bloat

Question 38

What is secondary tympany

Answer 38

Free gas bloat

Question 39

What are the underlying pathophysiology of bloat

Answer 39

Increased RR and HR - pushes on vena cava - decresed blood return to heart - so the heart rate increases- rumen pushes on diaphragm and causes increased HR

Question 40

Answer 40

Palatoschisis and Cheiloschisis

Question 41

Answer 41

Foot and mouths disease vesicular

Question 42

Answer 42

Vesicular Exanthema

Question 43

Answer 43

Bovine viral diarrhoea

Question 44

Answer 44

Malignant catarrhal fever

Question 45

Answer 45

Uraemic ulcers

Question 46

Answer 46

Ulcerative Gingivitis: scurvy

Question 47

Answer 47

Bovine Papular Stomatitis

Question 48

Answer 48

Contagious Ecthyma

Question 49

Answer 49

Necrotisinf Stomatitis: Calf Diptheria

Question 50

Answer 50

Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma

Question 51

Answer 51

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 52

Answer 52

Fibromatous Epulis

Question 53

Answer 53

Oral Squarmous Cell Carcinoma

Question 54

Answer 54

Icterus

Question 55

Answer 55

Pallor

Question 56

Answer 56

Congestion and oedema

Question 58

Answer 58

Cyanosis

Question 59

Answer 59

Petechia