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Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define malocclusions

A

Failure of upper and lower teeth to correctly interdigitate

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2
Q

What is the problem with hypsodont teeth

A

Continue to grow and if not worn down will over grow

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3
Q

Define Prognathia

A

Protrusion of mandible - This is normal in brachycephalic breeds

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4
Q

Define Brachygnathia (hypognathia)

A

Shortened mandible

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5
Q

What is odontodystrophy

A

Anomalies of tooth development

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6
Q

List some dental dysgenesis

A
  1. Dentigenous cysts 2. Enamel hypoplasia 3. Congenital porphyria 4. Fluoride toxicosis
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7
Q

What is dental dysgenesis

A

Dysplasia, trauma, infection, toxins, tetracyclines

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8
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia

A

Caine Distemper virus

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9
Q

What is congenital porphyria

A

Defective red cell production, porphyrins accumulate in teeth

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10
Q

What is fluoride toxicosis

A

Soft, chalky enamel, rapidly worn down

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11
Q

What is feline external resorptive neck lesions

A

Painful lesions of which the cause is unknown. It is the resorption of dental tissue in neck and root region and these cavities may attract bacteria

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12
Q

What is periodontal disease

A

Dental plaque and tartar/calculus

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13
Q

What is dental plaque

A

Food combines with bacterial films resident on teeth

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14
Q

What is tartar/calculus

A

Mineralised plaque

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15
Q

What does mineralise plaque cause

A
  1. Atrophy and inflammation of gingiva 2. Acid and enzymes damage teeth 3. Cavities form 4. Gingival destruction 5. Periodontal ligament destruction 6. Loosing teeth 7. Alveolar osteomyelitis 8. Bacteraemia 9. Pain 10. Halitosis
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16
Q

What are dental neoplasia

A

Complex histologic appearance based on tissue/cell of origin and extent of differentiation

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17
Q

What are odontomas

A

Hamartomas of enamel organ

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18
Q

What are ameloblastomas

A

Epithelial neoplasms of enamel organ origin

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19
Q

What do tonsils not posses

A

Afferent lymphatics

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20
Q

What is an example that causes sialoadenitis

A

Rabies, canine distemper virus

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21
Q

What is sialoliths

A

Inflammation -> sloughed cells and exudate become mineralised

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22
Q

What is ranula

A

Cystic, saliva-filled distension of salivary duct. Lined by epithelium

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23
Q

What is salivary mucocoele

A

Pseudocyst filled with saliva. not lined by epithelium

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24
Q

What are the disorders of the salivary glands

A
  1. Sialoadenitis 2. Sialoliths 3. Ranula 4. Salivary mucocoele 5. Neoplasia
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25
Q

What are some developmental abnormalities of the tongue

A

Hamartomas, fissures, microglossia, macroglossia, ventral ankyloglossia, bird tongue

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26
Q

What does actinobacillus lignieresii (primary tongue lesion) do

A
  1. Gram negative bacillus resident in oral cavity 2. Opportunistic invader 3. Granulomatous inflammation, ‘club colonies’, fibrosis
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27
Q

What are 2 lesions secondary to systemic illness

A
  1. Candida albicans (yeast) 2. Uraemia, BVD, FMD ect
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28
Q

What does candida albicans show

A
  1. Intact mucous membrane of tongue and oesophagus 2. Grey green pseudomembrane overlies mucosa 3. Secondary to underlying disease, antibiotics, hyperglycaemia
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29
Q

What can gastric inflammation be caused by

A

Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatic

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30
Q

What are the signs of gastric inflammation

A
  • Vomiting and dehydration - Haemorrhage, oedema, increased mucous, inflammatory leukocytes, abscesses, granulomas, necrosis, erosions, ulcers
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31
Q

What are the steps causing haemorrhage gastritis

A

Septicaemia -> bacterial emboli -> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -> haemorrhage, infarction, ulcerations

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32
Q

What causes haemorrhage gastritis

A

Salmonellosis, swine dysentery, colibacillosis

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33
Q

What causes eosinophilic gastritis

A

Parasites

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34
Q

What causes granulomatous gastritis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Parasites, Fungi

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35
Q

What causes uraemia gastritis

A

Renal failure

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36
Q

What causes abomasitis

A
  • Mycotic abomasitis - Parasitic abomasitis - Viral abomasitis - Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle
37
Q

What is Mycotic abomasitis secondary to

A

Lactic acidosis

38
Q

What is Hypertrophic gastritis

A

Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands

39
Q

What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy affect

A

Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terriers

40
Q

What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy cause

A

Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation

41
Q

Why does gastric ulceration and erosion occur

A

Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection

42
Q

What is gastric ulceration due to

A
  1. Injury 2. High acidity 3. Ischaemia 4. Reduced protective PGs
43
Q

Gastric ulceration and erosion in cats and dogs

A

Idiopathic, mast cell tumours causing vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena

44
Q

Gastric ulceration and erosion in pigs

A

Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain which can exsanguinate

45
Q

Gastric ulceration and erosion in ruminants

A

Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), infarction (mycotic abomasitis second degree to lactic acidosis

46
Q

Gastric ulceration and erosion in horses

A

NSAIDS, competition/performance horses

47
Q

Gastric ulceration and erosion in foals

A

Idiopathic causing abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyalism, gastric reflux, lie on back

48
Q

What are gastric parasites in horses

A
  • Equine bots - Draschia megastoma
49
Q

What are gastric parasites in ruminants

A
  • Haemonchus contortus - Oestertagia spp. - Trichostrongylus axei
50
Q

What are gastric parasites in pigs

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus

51
Q

What are gastric parasites in cats and dogs

A

Gnathostoma Physaloptera

52
Q
A

Abnormal tooth eruption

53
Q
A

Overgrown hypsodont teeth

55
Q
A

Prognathia

56
Q
A

Brachygnathia

57
Q
A

Enamel hyposplasia

59
Q
A

Pink tooth

60
Q
61
Q
A

Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions

62
Q
A

Peridontal disease

63
Q
A

Dental Neoplasia

64
Q
A

Classical swine fever

65
Q
A

Tonsillar neoplasia

66
Q
A

Ranula, mandibular salivary duct

67
Q
68
Q
A

Parotid salivary gland carcinoma

69
Q
A

Harmartoma - hair tongue

70
Q
A

Actinobacillosis (wodden tongue)

71
Q
A

Actinobacillosis (Wooden tongue)

72
Q
A

Actinomyces bovis “lumpy jaw”

73
Q
A

Thrush (Candidiasis)

75
Q
A

Ulcerative Glossitis, Uremia

76
Q
A

Lingual Neoplasia

77
Q
A

Congeintal megaoesophgus: persistnat R aortic arch

78
Q
A

Acquired megaoesophagus

79
Q
A

Acquired megaoesophagus

80
Q
A

Sporpcerca lupi

81
Q
A

Diphtheritic oesophagitis

82
Q
A

Choke: oesophageal obstruction

83
Q
A

Oesophageal neoplasms

84
Q
A

Bloat line

85
Q
A

Mycotic Rumenitis

86
Q
A

Parakeratosis, Retoculo-rumen

87
Q
A

Rumen Papillomas

88
Q
A

Paramphistomiasos, Rumen

89
Q
A

Traumatic reticulitis

Pathology (26 decks)

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