Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Define malocclusions

A

Failure of upper and lower teeth to correctly interdigitate

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2
Q

What is the problem with hypsodont teeth

A

Continue to grow and if not worn down will over grow

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3
Q

Define Prognathia

A

Protrusion of mandible - This is normal in brachycephalic breeds

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4
Q

Define Brachygnathia (hypognathia)

A

Shortened mandible

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5
Q

What is odontodystrophy

A

Anomalies of tooth development

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6
Q

List some dental dysgenesis

A
  1. Dentigenous cysts 2. Enamel hypoplasia 3. Congenital porphyria 4. Fluoride toxicosis
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7
Q

What is dental dysgenesis

A

Dysplasia, trauma, infection, toxins, tetracyclines

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8
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia

A

Caine Distemper virus

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9
Q

What is congenital porphyria

A

Defective red cell production, porphyrins accumulate in teeth

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10
Q

What is fluoride toxicosis

A

Soft, chalky enamel, rapidly worn down

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11
Q

What is feline external resorptive neck lesions

A

Painful lesions of which the cause is unknown. It is the resorption of dental tissue in neck and root region and these cavities may attract bacteria

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12
Q

What is periodontal disease

A

Dental plaque and tartar/calculus

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13
Q

What is dental plaque

A

Food combines with bacterial films resident on teeth

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14
Q

What is tartar/calculus

A

Mineralised plaque

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15
Q

What does mineralise plaque cause

A
  1. Atrophy and inflammation of gingiva 2. Acid and enzymes damage teeth 3. Cavities form 4. Gingival destruction 5. Periodontal ligament destruction 6. Loosing teeth 7. Alveolar osteomyelitis 8. Bacteraemia 9. Pain 10. Halitosis
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16
Q

What are dental neoplasia

A

Complex histologic appearance based on tissue/cell of origin and extent of differentiation

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17
Q

What are odontomas

A

Hamartomas of enamel organ

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18
Q

What are ameloblastomas

A

Epithelial neoplasms of enamel organ origin

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19
Q

What do tonsils not posses

A

Afferent lymphatics

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20
Q

What is an example that causes sialoadenitis

A

Rabies, canine distemper virus

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21
Q

What is sialoliths

A

Inflammation -> sloughed cells and exudate become mineralised

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22
Q

What is ranula

A

Cystic, saliva-filled distension of salivary duct. Lined by epithelium

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23
Q

What is salivary mucocoele

A

Pseudocyst filled with saliva. not lined by epithelium

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24
Q

What are the disorders of the salivary glands

A
  1. Sialoadenitis 2. Sialoliths 3. Ranula 4. Salivary mucocoele 5. Neoplasia
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25
What are some developmental abnormalities of the tongue
Hamartomas, fissures, microglossia, macroglossia, ventral ankyloglossia, bird tongue
26
What does actinobacillus lignieresii (primary tongue lesion) do
1. Gram negative bacillus resident in oral cavity 2. Opportunistic invader 3. Granulomatous inflammation, 'club colonies', fibrosis
27
What are 2 lesions secondary to systemic illness
1. Candida albicans (yeast) 2. Uraemia, BVD, FMD ect
28
What does candida albicans show
1. Intact mucous membrane of tongue and oesophagus 2. Grey green pseudomembrane overlies mucosa 3. Secondary to underlying disease, antibiotics, hyperglycaemia
29
What can gastric inflammation be caused by
Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatic
30
What are the signs of gastric inflammation
- Vomiting and dehydration - Haemorrhage, oedema, increased mucous, inflammatory leukocytes, abscesses, granulomas, necrosis, erosions, ulcers
31
What are the steps causing haemorrhage gastritis
Septicaemia -\> bacterial emboli -\> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -\> haemorrhage, infarction, ulcerations
32
What causes haemorrhage gastritis
Salmonellosis, swine dysentery, colibacillosis
33
What causes eosinophilic gastritis
Parasites
34
What causes granulomatous gastritis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Parasites, Fungi
35
What causes uraemia gastritis
Renal failure
36
What causes abomasitis
- Mycotic abomasitis - Parasitic abomasitis - Viral abomasitis - Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle
37
What is Mycotic abomasitis secondary to
Lactic acidosis
38
What is Hypertrophic gastritis
Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands
39
What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy affect
Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terriers
40
What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy cause
Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation
41
Why does gastric ulceration and erosion occur
Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection
42
What is gastric ulceration due to
1. Injury 2. High acidity 3. Ischaemia 4. Reduced protective PGs
43
Gastric ulceration and erosion in cats and dogs
Idiopathic, mast cell tumours causing vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena
44
Gastric ulceration and erosion in pigs
Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain which can exsanguinate
45
Gastric ulceration and erosion in ruminants
Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), infarction (mycotic abomasitis second degree to lactic acidosis
46
Gastric ulceration and erosion in horses
NSAIDS, competition/performance horses
47
Gastric ulceration and erosion in foals
Idiopathic causing abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyalism, gastric reflux, lie on back
48
What are gastric parasites in horses
- Equine bots - Draschia megastoma
49
What are gastric parasites in ruminants
- Haemonchus contortus - Oestertagia spp. - Trichostrongylus axei
50
What are gastric parasites in pigs
Hyostrongylus rubidus
51
What are gastric parasites in cats and dogs
Gnathostoma Physaloptera
52
Abnormal tooth eruption
53
Overgrown hypsodont teeth
54
55
Prognathia
56
Brachygnathia
57
Enamel hyposplasia
58
59
Pink tooth
60
Flurosis
61
Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions
62
Peridontal disease
63
Dental Neoplasia
64
Classical swine fever
65
Tonsillar neoplasia
66
Ranula, mandibular salivary duct
67
Sialolith
68
Parotid salivary gland carcinoma
69
Harmartoma - hair tongue
70
Actinobacillosis (wodden tongue)
71
Actinobacillosis (Wooden tongue)
72
Actinomyces bovis "lumpy jaw"
73
Thrush (Candidiasis)
74
75
Ulcerative Glossitis, Uremia
76
Lingual Neoplasia
77
Congeintal megaoesophgus: persistnat R aortic arch
78
Acquired megaoesophagus
79
Acquired megaoesophagus
80
Sporpcerca lupi
81
Diphtheritic oesophagitis
82
Choke: oesophageal obstruction
83
Oesophageal neoplasms
84
Bloat line
85
Mycotic Rumenitis
86
Parakeratosis, Retoculo-rumen
87
Rumen Papillomas
88
Paramphistomiasos, Rumen
89
Traumatic reticulitis