Lecture 4 Flashcards by kirsten savage

Define malocclusions

Failure of upper and lower teeth to correctly interdigitate

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What is the problem with hypsodont teeth

Continue to grow and if not worn down will over grow

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Define Prognathia

Protrusion of mandible - This is normal in brachycephalic breeds

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Define Brachygnathia (hypognathia)

Shortened mandible

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What is odontodystrophy

Anomalies of tooth development

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List some dental dysgenesis

Dentigenous cysts 2. Enamel hypoplasia 3. Congenital porphyria 4. Fluoride toxicosis

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What is dental dysgenesis

Dysplasia, trauma, infection, toxins, tetracyclines

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What is enamel hypoplasia

Caine Distemper virus

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What is congenital porphyria

Defective red cell production, porphyrins accumulate in teeth

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What is fluoride toxicosis

Soft, chalky enamel, rapidly worn down

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What is feline external resorptive neck lesions

Painful lesions of which the cause is unknown. It is the resorption of dental tissue in neck and root region and these cavities may attract bacteria

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What is periodontal disease

Dental plaque and tartar/calculus

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What is dental plaque

Food combines with bacterial films resident on teeth

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What is tartar/calculus

Mineralised plaque

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What does mineralise plaque cause

Atrophy and inflammation of gingiva 2. Acid and enzymes damage teeth 3. Cavities form 4. Gingival destruction 5. Periodontal ligament destruction 6. Loosing teeth 7. Alveolar osteomyelitis 8. Bacteraemia 9. Pain 10. Halitosis

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What are dental neoplasia

Complex histologic appearance based on tissue/cell of origin and extent of differentiation

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What are odontomas

Hamartomas of enamel organ

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What are ameloblastomas

Epithelial neoplasms of enamel organ origin

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What do tonsils not posses

Afferent lymphatics

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What is an example that causes sialoadenitis

Rabies, canine distemper virus

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What is sialoliths

Inflammation -> sloughed cells and exudate become mineralised

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What is ranula

Cystic, saliva-filled distension of salivary duct. Lined by epithelium

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What is salivary mucocoele

Pseudocyst filled with saliva. not lined by epithelium

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What are the disorders of the salivary glands

Sialoadenitis 2. Sialoliths 3. Ranula 4. Salivary mucocoele 5. Neoplasia

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What are some developmental abnormalities of the tongue

Hamartomas, fissures, microglossia, macroglossia, ventral ankyloglossia, bird tongue

What does actinobacillus lignieresii (primary tongue lesion) do

1. Gram negative bacillus resident in oral cavity 2. Opportunistic invader 3. Granulomatous inflammation, 'club colonies', fibrosis

What are 2 lesions secondary to systemic illness

1. Candida albicans (yeast) 2. Uraemia, BVD, FMD ect

What does candida albicans show

1. Intact mucous membrane of tongue and oesophagus 2. Grey green pseudomembrane overlies mucosa 3. Secondary to underlying disease, antibiotics, hyperglycaemia

What can gastric inflammation be caused by

Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatic

What are the signs of gastric inflammation

- Vomiting and dehydration - Haemorrhage, oedema, increased mucous, inflammatory leukocytes, abscesses, granulomas, necrosis, erosions, ulcers

What are the steps causing haemorrhage gastritis

Septicaemia -\> bacterial emboli -\> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -\> haemorrhage, infarction, ulcerations

What causes haemorrhage gastritis

Salmonellosis, swine dysentery, colibacillosis

What causes eosinophilic gastritis

Parasites

What causes granulomatous gastritis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Parasites, Fungi

What causes uraemia gastritis

Renal failure

What causes abomasitis

- Mycotic abomasitis - Parasitic abomasitis - Viral abomasitis - Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle

What is Mycotic abomasitis secondary to

Lactic acidosis

What is Hypertrophic gastritis

Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands

What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy affect

Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terriers

What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropathy cause

Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation

Why does gastric ulceration and erosion occur

Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection

What is gastric ulceration due to

1. Injury 2. High acidity 3. Ischaemia 4. Reduced protective PGs

Gastric ulceration and erosion in cats and dogs

Idiopathic, mast cell tumours causing vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena

Gastric ulceration and erosion in pigs

Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain which can exsanguinate

Gastric ulceration and erosion in ruminants

Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), infarction (mycotic abomasitis second degree to lactic acidosis

Gastric ulceration and erosion in horses

NSAIDS, competition/performance horses

Gastric ulceration and erosion in foals

Idiopathic causing abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyalism, gastric reflux, lie on back

What are gastric parasites in horses

- Equine bots - Draschia megastoma

What are gastric parasites in ruminants

- Haemonchus contortus - Oestertagia spp. - Trichostrongylus axei

What are gastric parasites in pigs

Hyostrongylus rubidus

What are gastric parasites in cats and dogs

Gnathostoma Physaloptera

Abnormal tooth eruption

Overgrown hypsodont teeth

Prognathia

Brachygnathia

Enamel hyposplasia

Pink tooth

Flurosis

Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions

Peridontal disease

Dental Neoplasia

Classical swine fever

Tonsillar neoplasia

Ranula, mandibular salivary duct

Sialolith

Parotid salivary gland carcinoma

Harmartoma - hair tongue

Actinobacillosis (wodden tongue)

Actinobacillosis (Wooden tongue)

Actinomyces bovis "lumpy jaw"

Thrush (Candidiasis)

Ulcerative Glossitis, Uremia

Lingual Neoplasia

Congeintal megaoesophgus: persistnat R aortic arch

Acquired megaoesophagus

Sporpcerca lupi

Diphtheritic oesophagitis

Choke: oesophageal obstruction

Oesophageal neoplasms

Bloat line

Mycotic Rumenitis

Parakeratosis, Retoculo-rumen

Rumen Papillomas

Paramphistomiasos, Rumen

Traumatic reticulitis