Lecture 16 Flashcards
What is hepatic lipidosis
Excess lipid accumulation on the liver - When rate of triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes exceeds rate of degradation or secretion as lipoprotein
What are the gross features of hepatic lipidosis/steatosis/fatty liver
The liver is diffusely enlarged, diffusely pale, greasy, friable and may float in water or fixative
What are the histological features of hepatic lipidosis/steatosis/fatty liver
Hepatocytes are enlarged with vacuolated cytoplasm. Vacuoles are round and sharply delineated. The vacuoles may be large and single or small and multiple. The nucleus is often displaced peripherally
What animals get ketosis
Animals with very high energy demands In times of energy demand: FFAs released from adipose Oxidised to ketones in liver When fat metabolism becomes excessive - Ketones in blood and urine - Hypoglycaemia - Low glycogen in liver
Where is glycogen accumulation seen
In liver
What is systemic amyloidosis
Deposition of proteins composed of B-pleased sheets in liver, kidney, spleen, brain
What are the two main forms of systemic amyloidosis
Primary: AK from plasma cell neoplasms Secondary: AA from liver
What stain to use to see amyloidosis
Congo red stain or polarised light to differentiate amyloid from other eosinophilic proteinaceous deposits
How do animals get chronic copper tocicosis
- Dietary excess in ruminants - Deficient molybdenum in pasture - Pasture with hepatotoxins - Occ. hereditary or familial in dogs
How does copper accumulate in the liver
It’s progressive over time Stressful event can trigger copper release
Bile pigments in liver
Bilirubin: greenish liver, jaundice in other tissues
Haemosiderin in liver
Golden brown iron pigment from RBC breakdown
Lipofuscin in liver
Golden brown pigment ass. with ageing
Melanin in liver
Black or dark brown innocuous endogenous pigment
Parasite haematin in liver
Very dark excreta from liver flukes
What causes bilirubin
Breakdown of RBC
What is the cause of hyperbilirubinaemia
Imbalance between production and excretion of bilirubin - Excess production - haemolysis of RBCs - Liver damage - reduced uptake or conjugation - Cholestasis - reduced outflow of bile due to obstruction
What is haemosiderin
Ferritin and protein complex from break down or RBCs and appears golden brown granules
What do you stain haemosiderin with
Blue with Perl’s Prussian Blue Stain
What is hepatosis dietetica
Acute hepatic necrosis due to nutrition
What is a nutritional liver disease
Ovine white liver disease - Pale, fatty livers in sheep - Caused by deficiency in cobalt - Soil depleted in cobalt
Hepatic Lipidosis/ Steatosis/ Fatty liver
Cytology of fatty liver
Histology of fatty liver
Equine Hyperlipidaemia
Glucocorticoid hepatopathy (glycogen accumulation)
Glucocorticoid hepatopathy
Amyloidosis
Chronic copper accumulation in the liver: acutw ahemolysis
Hepatic copper accumulation
Bile Pigments
Hyperbilirubinaemia
Haemosiderin Accumulation
Parasire haematin in liver: due to migrating fasciola
Hepatosis Dietetica: vitamin E / selenium deficiency
Hepatosis Dietetica: centrolobular necrosis
