Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is achalasia
Motility disorders of oesophagus
What does achalasia cause
Dysphagia, regurgitation, weightless
When is achalasia usually seen
Post weaning with introduction of food
What is cricopharyngel achalasia
Upper oesophagus sphincter disorder
What is megaoesophagus
Dilation due to insufficient or uncoordinated peristalsis. It can be congenital or acquired
Where is congenital megaoesophagus located
Persistent R fourth aortic arch - Aorta, pulmonary and ductus arterosis
What does congenital megaoesphagus cause
Obstruction and dilation cranial to heart
What is idiopathic denervation, myasthenia gravis cause
Dilation to cranial stomach
Where is acquired megaoesophagus located
Dilation cranial to stomach
What are some examples of megaoesophagus
- Idiopathic denervation - Polymyositis - Myasthenia gravis - Hypothyroidism - Lead poisoning - Peripheral neuropathies - Oesophagitis - Recurrent gastric dilation - Breed predilection
What are some oesophageal parasites
Gongylonema (nematodes) Gasterophilus (fly larvae) Hypoderma lineatum (warble fly larvae) Spirocerca lupi (nematodes)
What are some disorders of the ruminant fore stomach
Bloat Foreign bodies Ruminal acidosis Rumenitis Traumatic reticulitis
What are the two types of bloat
Frothy bloat Free gas bloat
What is frothy bloat
Fermentation gases trapped in a stabl foam
What is frothy bloat due to
Rapid digestion and fine dietary particles trap gas in bubbles
Where are the two types of frothy bloat and their causes
Pasture bloat: legumes - clover, alfalfa Feedlot bloat: finely ground grain, bacterial slime
What is free gas bloat
Animal unable to eruct ate free gas
What can cause free gas bloat
Partial obstruction of oesophagus Altered rumenoreticular motility Posture
With carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis what would be the necropsy findings
Watery, acidic ruminal and intestinal contents , there is often large amount of grain in rumen. Mucosa or ruminal papillae brown, friable, sloughs
What would you see histopathologically with carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis
Ruminal epithelium is damages - Hydropic changes - Coagulative necrosis - Influx of neutrophils
What is seen if an animal survives lactic acidosis
Oale stellate scars on ruminal mucosa
What is bacterial rumenitis secondary to
Acidosis/mechanical injury
What causes bacterial rumenitis
Fusobacterium necrophorum Truperella progenies
Which bacterial rumenitis, where does the bacteria migrate
Via portal circulation to liver
When does mycotic rumenitis develop
Several days after ruminal acidosis/injury
What can mycotic rumenitis be secondary to
Antibiotics
What is vagus indigestion
Functional outflow problem from fore stomach e.g. damaged vagus nerve, obstruction, idiopathic
What is type I vagus ingestion
Failed education -> bloat - Inflammation of vagus nerve
What is type II vagus ingestion
Failed transport from omasum into abomasum
What is type III vagus ingestion
Physical impaction by feed, abomasal displacement and volvulus
What is type IV vagus ingestion
Pregnancy related -> shifting of the position of the abomasum due to the increased size of the foetus causing compression of the abdominal branches of the vagus nerve
Simple gastric dialation
GDV -> gastric ischaemia and necrosis
Abomasal volvulus: calf
Abomasal rupture
Acute haemorrhagic gastritis - pig
Uraemic Gastropathy/gastritis: cat
Mycotic Abomasitis and omasitis
Chronic Giant Hypertrophic Gastropathy
Pyloric stenosis in a horse
Giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy
Equine gasterophiliasis
Focal granulomatous gastritis: draschia
Abomasum: haemonchus contortus
Hypoproteinaemia: haemonchiasos: bottle jaw
Ostertagiosis
Atresia Coli
Atresia Coli
Megacolon
Megacolon
Linear foregin body: cat S.I.
Ascardid impaction
Intestinal stricture
Enterolith
Intussusception and infarction
Small intestinal intussusception
Ileo-caecal intussusception
Herniation of small intestine throgu epiploic foramen
Diaphragmatic hernia
Scrotal hernia
