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Pathology > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a volvulus

A

Twisting on its mesenteric axis Up to 720 rotation

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2
Q

What is torsion

A

Rotation along length of long axis

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3
Q

What doe volvulus and torsion cause

A

Vascular obstruction, ischaemic injury, infarction Mesenteric oedema, congestion, haemorrhage, necrosis

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4
Q

What can intestinal disorders cause in horses

A

Colic, intestinal rupture and death

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5
Q

What are the intestinal disorders in horses

A

Intestinal volvulus/torsion of horses Pedunculated lipomas of horses Renospenic entrapment in horses

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6
Q

Where does intestinal volvulus/torsion of horses commonly occur

A

Left dorsal and left ventral colon ar diaphragmatic and sternal flexure

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7
Q

Where does predunculated lipomas of horses commonly occur

A

Wrap around intestinal mesentery or intestine and causes intestinal ischaemia and strangulation

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8
Q

Where does renosplenic entrapment of horses commonly occur

A

Left dorsal displacement of left dorsal or ventral colon between spleen and left body wall

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9
Q

What are some intestinal disorders

A

Large intestinal and caecal rupture Intestinal diverticula Muscular hypertrophy of ileum

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10
Q

What causes large intestinal and caecal rupture

A

Post-parturient mares Causes include: impaction, anaesthesia, rectal palpation

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11
Q

What causes intestinal diverticula

A

Mucosal epithelial lined cavities - May extend through all layers to serosa - May rupture -> peritonitis

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12
Q

What is muscular hypertrophy of ileum

A

Tunica muscular hypertrophy - Incidental or can cause impaction and rupture

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13
Q

What is an example of an intestinal intoxicant

A
  • Ingested irritants - Corticosteroids - NSAIDS
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14
Q

What can ingested irritants cause

A

Lesions in mouth, oesophagus, stomach and intestine - Haemorrhage and inflammation - Ulceration and sloughing of mucosal lining

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15
Q

Why do corticosteroids cause ulceration and perforation of GIT

A
  • Reduced cell turnover and dealt healing - Decreased mucous production - Increased gastrin and hence acid production, reduced PGs
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16
Q

What causes NSAIDS to caused erosion, ulcers haemorrhage and necrosis

A

Detect contact (orally) and reduced protective PG synthesis

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17
Q

Parasite causing vascular disorder in intestines of horse

A

Strongylus vulgaris

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18
Q

Explain the migration of strongyles vulgaris

A
  • 3rd stage larvae are ingested and moult to 4th stage larvae in intestines - Migrate through small arterioles to the wall of cranial mesenteric artery
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19
Q

What do strongyles vulgaris cause

A

Sever arteritis and aneurysms -> thrombosis and thromboembolism -> intestinal infarction

20
Q

What is lymphangiectasia

A

dilation of lymph vessels

21
Q

What is lacteal dilation

A

Results in diminished lymph adsorption by lacteals in the lamina propriety

22
Q

How do animals get congenital lacteal dilation

A

Developmental disorder of lymphatics

23
Q

How do animals get acquired lacteal dilation

A

Idiopathic secondary to lymphatic obstruction

24
Q

What are the diseases of intestinal epithelium: absorptive enterocytes

A

Virus - rotavirus, coronavirus Bacteria - brachyspira hyodysentariae Parasites - coccidia

25
Q

What do diseases of the absorptive enterocytes cause

A

Loss of enterocytes -> villous atrophy Maldigestion and malabsorption (osmotic diarrhoea)

26
Q

What are the diseases of intestinal epithelium: undifferentiated crypt cells

A

Viruses - parvovirus Radiation

27
Q

What does diseases of undifferentiated crypt cells cause

A

Loss of the cells capable of rapid mitosis -> impaired regeneration of epithelium

28
Q

What are disease of microvilli and glycoalyx largely responsible for

A

Large surface area and enzymes of digestion and absorption

29
Q

microvilli and glycoalyx: what does maldigestion and malabsorption cause

A

Osmotic diarrhoea

30
Q

What are the diseases of the lamina propria

A

Inflammation Necrotising processes Vascular changes and lymphagiectasia

31
Q

What does inflammation causes to the lamina propriety

A

Dense cellular infiltrations can cause diarrhoea - Johne’s disease (cattle) - Canine histolytic ulcerative colitis (boxer dogs) - Inflammatory bowel disease

32
Q

Disease of lamina propria: where is necrotising processoccuring

A

Necrosis of GALT and overlying epithelium - BVD - Rhodococcus equi

33
Q

What are vascular changes and lymphangiectasia secondary to

A

Obstruction

34
Q

What is inflammation the the small intestines called

A

Enteritis

35
Q

What is inflammation the large intestines called

A

Colitis

36
Q

What is inflammation the the caecum called

A

Typhlitis

37
Q
A

Torsion of large colon

38
Q
A

Pedunculated lipoma

39
Q
A

Pedunculated lipomas and intestinal strangulation

40
Q
A

Diverticula: horse caecum

41
Q
A

Acute necrohemorrhagic enteritis

42
Q
A

Tiger striping: dog colon

43
Q
A

Verminous arteritis: cranial mesenteric artery

44
Q
A

Infarction

45
Q
A

Ascites and emaciation caused by lymphangiectasia

46
Q
A

Lymphangiectasia of jejunum: dog

47
Q
A

Lymphangiectasia of jejunum

Pathology (26 decks)

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