Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the signs of colic

A

Restlessness

Rolling

Lying down

Kicking/biting at flank

Pawing the ground

Anorexia

Depression

Increased HR

Increased respiratory rate

Delayed CRT

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2
Q

What is Rhodoccus equi

A

Normal inhabitant of equine intestine and soil - Can resist destruction inside macrophages - Migrating parasites larvae aid spread in body

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3
Q

Where do you see pulmonary pyogranulomas

A

in foals less than 6 months and immunocompromised adult horses - Placentitis and abortions - Cutaneous ulcerative lymphangitis

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4
Q

How do animals get pulmonary pyogranulomas

A

Cough up and swallow organisms - Enter intestinal M cells overlying GALT

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5
Q

What sort of inflammation is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis

A

Pyogranulomatous inflammation - Abscess formation - Necrotic tissues - Ulcerated Peyer’s patches

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6
Q

What is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis

A

Macrophages and multinucleate giant cells full of bacteria fill the lamina proprietary and submucosa - Thickened, corrugated intestine - Multifocal abscesses, necrosis and ulceration over GALT - Enlarged, grey, mesenteric lymphnodes

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7
Q

What is a idopathic disease of horses intestines

A

Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

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8
Q

What is the cause of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Unknown cause - Several associated environmental factors - Exhaustion, shock, stressors - Colostridium perfringens Type A - Clostridium difficile

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9
Q

What are the clinical signs of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Severe. diarrhoea, no blood, rapidly fatal

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10
Q

What is seen with the lesions of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)

A

Oedema, congestion, haemorrhage of caecum and colon Endotoxic shock (DIC, thrombosis, adrenal haemorrhage)

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11
Q

Where do Ascariasis locate in horses

A

Adults in proximal intestinal lumen

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12
Q

How do horses get Ascariasis

A

Intra-uterine and milk transmission, ingestion of eggs

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13
Q

Explain the migration of Ascariasis

A

Intestine -> portal vein -> liver -> vena cava -> larval -> development in lungs -> cough and swallow -> intestinal maturation -> eggs in faeces

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14
Q

Where do strongyles vulgaris locate

A

Verminous arteritis (cranial mesenteric artery) - Thromboembolism causes vascular obstruction and infarction of the intestines - Nodules rupture into large intestine releasing worms

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15
Q

What do strongylus equines and edentatus cause

A

Nodules in large intestine

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16
Q

What do cyathostomes do

A

Burrow into large intestine wall

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17
Q

What is seen with BVD

A

Acute BVD - Subclinical infection - Mild acute BVD - Severe acute BVD Reproductive problems Persistently infected animals Mucosal disease

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18
Q

What is seen with Acute bovine viral disease

A
  • Highly contagious, rarely fatal
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19
Q

What happens when immunocompetent, seronegative, non-pregnant cattle becomes infected with BVD

A

Usually mild or subclinical Nasal dischage Diarrhoea Mild oral mucosal erosions and ulcers

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20
Q

What happens to foetus when affected with BVD

A

If foetus is infected by non-cytopathic strain of BVDV transplacentally early in gestation - Possible reproductive failure - PI immunotolerant carrier

21
Q

What happens to the PI of BVD

A

Mucosal disease: PI carriers that later become super infected by cytopathic BVDV strain

22
Q

What is the outcome with mucosal disease

A

Severe, usually fatal - Fever, anorexia, nasal dischage, respiratory disease, ptyalism - Acute stomatitis and pharyngitis -> oral erosions and ulcers - Severe diarrhoea, rapid dehydration, death Chronic mucosal disease - Some evidence of healing of ulcers - Frequent, scant mucoid faeces with blood flecks, tenesmus - Emacication - Occasionally interdigital dermatitis, coronets, laminitis

23
Q

What is the appearance of the lesions of mucosal disease

A

White necrotic foci 1-2mm with margin of hyperaemia progress to ulcers Erosions, ulcers and crusts on nares and muzzle Ulcers throughout GIT - Oral cavity - Oesophagus, rumenoreticulum, omasum, abomasum - GALT and Peyer’s patches in intestines are necrotic - Chronic: food lesoions: interdigital dermatitis, coronets

24
Q

What is rinder pest similar to

25
What is malignant catarrhal fever
Pansystemic ideas of cattle and wild ruminants - Sporadic disease, high mortality
26
What are the two forms of MCF
- Wildebesst associated MCF - Sheep associated MCF
27
What are the clinical signs of MCF
- Conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, lacrimation - Enlarged lymph nodes, nervous signs, diarrhoea
28
What bacteria causes Johne's disease (paratuberculosis)
Mycobacterium avian spp. paratuberculosis
29
What age cows are infected with Johne's disease
Over 18 month of age - Chronic diarrhoea, emaciation, hypoproteinaemia
30
What are the lesions of Johne's disease
Chronic thickened intestinal mucosal folds - Ileum, caecum, proximal colon Granulomatous enteritis - Accumulation of many foamy macrophages in lamina propria esp ileum - Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
31
What bacteria causes Yersoniosis
Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis
32
What does Yersoniosis. mainly occur as
Intestinal disease Mainly a disease of temperate climates
33
What is Yersoniosis commonly known as
Mud fever
34
What is the action of Yersoniosis
Invade via M cells over Peyer's patches
35
What does coccidiosis infect
Young animals: neonatal scours
36
What is something about coccidiosis
Very host and tissue specific protozoa - Many species of Eimeria infect different ruminant species - Obligate intracellular pathogens
37
Multifocal ulceratice colitiis: rhodococus equi
38
Mesenteric Pyogranulomatous Lymphadenitis: Rhodococcus Equi
39
Clostridial enteritis/colitis: colitis X
40
Acute Multifical Oespohageal Ulcers: BVDV
41
Acute multifocal oespohageal ulcers: BVDV
42
Necrosis of GALT: BVDV
43
Multifocal ulceratice colitis: BVDV
44
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
45
Granulomatous enteritus: Johne's Disease
46
Granulomatous Enteritis: Johne's Disease
47
Yersiniosis
48
Multifocal proliferatice enteritis: caprine coccidiosis