Lecture 10 Flashcards
What are the signs of colic
Restlessness
Rolling
Lying down
Kicking/biting at flank
Pawing the ground
Anorexia
Depression
Increased HR
Increased respiratory rate
Delayed CRT
What is Rhodoccus equi
Normal inhabitant of equine intestine and soil - Can resist destruction inside macrophages - Migrating parasites larvae aid spread in body
Where do you see pulmonary pyogranulomas
in foals less than 6 months and immunocompromised adult horses - Placentitis and abortions - Cutaneous ulcerative lymphangitis
How do animals get pulmonary pyogranulomas
Cough up and swallow organisms - Enter intestinal M cells overlying GALT
What sort of inflammation is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis
Pyogranulomatous inflammation - Abscess formation - Necrotic tissues - Ulcerated Peyer’s patches
What is seen with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis of GALT, Pyogranulomatous ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis
Macrophages and multinucleate giant cells full of bacteria fill the lamina proprietary and submucosa - Thickened, corrugated intestine - Multifocal abscesses, necrosis and ulceration over GALT - Enlarged, grey, mesenteric lymphnodes
What is a idopathic disease of horses intestines
Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)
What is the cause of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)
Unknown cause - Several associated environmental factors - Exhaustion, shock, stressors - Colostridium perfringens Type A - Clostridium difficile
What are the clinical signs of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)
Severe. diarrhoea, no blood, rapidly fatal
What is seen with the lesions of Clostridial enteritis (Colitis X)
Oedema, congestion, haemorrhage of caecum and colon Endotoxic shock (DIC, thrombosis, adrenal haemorrhage)
Where do Ascariasis locate in horses
Adults in proximal intestinal lumen
How do horses get Ascariasis
Intra-uterine and milk transmission, ingestion of eggs
Explain the migration of Ascariasis
Intestine -> portal vein -> liver -> vena cava -> larval -> development in lungs -> cough and swallow -> intestinal maturation -> eggs in faeces
Where do strongyles vulgaris locate
Verminous arteritis (cranial mesenteric artery) - Thromboembolism causes vascular obstruction and infarction of the intestines - Nodules rupture into large intestine releasing worms
What do strongylus equines and edentatus cause
Nodules in large intestine
What do cyathostomes do
Burrow into large intestine wall
What is seen with BVD
Acute BVD - Subclinical infection - Mild acute BVD - Severe acute BVD Reproductive problems Persistently infected animals Mucosal disease
What is seen with Acute bovine viral disease
- Highly contagious, rarely fatal
What happens when immunocompetent, seronegative, non-pregnant cattle becomes infected with BVD
Usually mild or subclinical Nasal dischage Diarrhoea Mild oral mucosal erosions and ulcers
What happens to foetus when affected with BVD
If foetus is infected by non-cytopathic strain of BVDV transplacentally early in gestation - Possible reproductive failure - PI immunotolerant carrier
What happens to the PI of BVD
Mucosal disease: PI carriers that later become super infected by cytopathic BVDV strain
What is the outcome with mucosal disease
Severe, usually fatal - Fever, anorexia, nasal dischage, respiratory disease, ptyalism - Acute stomatitis and pharyngitis -> oral erosions and ulcers - Severe diarrhoea, rapid dehydration, death Chronic mucosal disease - Some evidence of healing of ulcers - Frequent, scant mucoid faeces with blood flecks, tenesmus - Emacication - Occasionally interdigital dermatitis, coronets, laminitis
What is the appearance of the lesions of mucosal disease
White necrotic foci 1-2mm with margin of hyperaemia progress to ulcers Erosions, ulcers and crusts on nares and muzzle Ulcers throughout GIT - Oral cavity - Oesophagus, rumenoreticulum, omasum, abomasum - GALT and Peyer’s patches in intestines are necrotic - Chronic: food lesoions: interdigital dermatitis, coronets
What is rinder pest similar to
BVD
What is malignant catarrhal fever
Pansystemic ideas of cattle and wild ruminants - Sporadic disease, high mortality
What are the two forms of MCF
- Wildebesst associated MCF - Sheep associated MCF
What are the clinical signs of MCF
- Conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, lacrimation - Enlarged lymph nodes, nervous signs, diarrhoea
What bacteria causes Johne’s disease (paratuberculosis)
Mycobacterium avian spp. paratuberculosis
What age cows are infected with Johne’s disease
Over 18 month of age - Chronic diarrhoea, emaciation, hypoproteinaemia
What are the lesions of Johne’s disease
Chronic thickened intestinal mucosal folds - Ileum, caecum, proximal colon Granulomatous enteritis - Accumulation of many foamy macrophages in lamina propria esp ileum - Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
What bacteria causes Yersoniosis
Yersinia enterocolitica and pseudotuberculosis
What does Yersoniosis. mainly occur as
Intestinal disease Mainly a disease of temperate climates
What is Yersoniosis commonly known as
Mud fever
What is the action of Yersoniosis
Invade via M cells over Peyer’s patches
What does coccidiosis infect
Young animals: neonatal scours
What is something about coccidiosis
Very host and tissue specific protozoa - Many species of Eimeria infect different ruminant species - Obligate intracellular pathogens
Multifocal ulceratice colitiis: rhodococus equi
Mesenteric Pyogranulomatous Lymphadenitis: Rhodococcus Equi
Clostridial enteritis/colitis: colitis X
Acute Multifical Oespohageal Ulcers: BVDV
Acute multifocal oespohageal ulcers: BVDV
Necrosis of GALT: BVDV
Multifocal ulceratice colitis: BVDV
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Granulomatous enteritus: Johne’s Disease
Granulomatous Enteritis: Johne’s Disease
Yersiniosis
Multifocal proliferatice enteritis: caprine coccidiosis
