Lecture 29 Flashcards
What factors contribute to pneumonia in pigs
- Age, genetic makeup, immune status of pigs
- Management practices
- Infectious agents
Explain swine influenza
- Catarrhal to mucopurulent inflammation from nasal passage to bronchioles
- Typical virus induced necrotizing bronchitis-bronchiolitis
- Low mortality unless there is secondary bacterial infection
- Pasteurella multocida
- Trueperella pyogenes
- Haemophilus spp
Explain porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
- Intersistial pneumonia
- Characterised by macrophages and lymphocytes in the alveolar walls and mild Type II pneumonocytes hyperplasia
Explain post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
- Disease associated with porcine circovirus-2
- Interstitial pneumonia
Explain porcine enzootic pneumonia (Mycoplasmal pneumonia)
- Most economically important disease of pigs sue to the deleterious effects on feed concersion ratio
- Causes a bronchointerstitial pneumonia
- Highlu contagious disease of pigs caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
- Mortality is low expect if there is secondary bacterial infections -> suppurative bronchopneumonia
porcine enzootic pneumonia
Explain porcine pleuropneumonia
- Highly contagious worldwide caused by actinbacillus pleuropneumonia
- Fibronous bronchopneumonia with extensive pleuritis
- All lobes can be affected by commonly the caudal lobes
- On cut section, lobes have dilated interlobular septa and irregular areas of coagulative necrosis caused by the potent cytotoxins from Actinbacillus pleuropneumonia
porcine pleuropneumonia
porcine pleuropneumonia
Explain haemophilus pneumonia
- Some serotypes cause suppurative bronchopneumonia
Explain Tuberculosis
- Hranulomatous pneumonia from Mycobacterium bovis or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex
What is parasitic penumonia mostly due to
Metastrongylus
How is cainine distemper transmitted
- Infected body tissues
Clinical signs of cainine distemper
- Serous to catarrhal to mucopurulent nasopharyngitis and conjunctivitis
- Pulmonary oedema and diffuse interstitial pneumonia
- Histology - necrotizing bronchiolitis, necrosis and exfoliation of pneumocytes, oedema and type II penumonocytes hyper plasia
Where does Canine adenovirus type 2 replicate
Viral replication in pneumonocytes
- Initial bronchointerstitial pneumonia with necrosis & exfoliation of bronchial & alveolar cells
- Proliferation of Type II pneumonocytes several days later
- Presence of large basophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies
Explain Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1)
Fatal generalised disease of new-born puppies
- Part of “Fading puppy syndrome”
Necrotising rhinotracheitis & secondary bacterial bronchopneumonia in older animals
Explain bacterial pneumonias
- Secondary to viral infections or other causes of impairment of respiratory defense system
- Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Dogs are resistant to tuberculosis
What type of infection is Mycotic Pneumonias
- Opportunistic infection eg. Aspergillus fumigatus in immunodepressed dogs or those on long-term antibiotic therapy
- Nodular pyogranulomatous or granulomatous pneumonia
Explain paraquant poisoning
•Following ingestion, toxic metabolites are produced by Club cells → metabolites release free radicals
What does paraquat poisoning cause damage to
•Type I & II pneumonocytes & alveolar endothelial cells
What does paraquat poisoning cause
- Extensive oedema & haemorrhage
- Frequently fatal but in chronic stages, there is extensive interstitial fibrosis & epithelialisation of alveolar walls
What is Uraemic pneumonopathy
- Chronic uraemia from kidney failure in dogs
- Pulmonary oedema & calcification of smooth muscle & alveolar basement membranes
What causes pneumonias in horses
•Ingestion of certain species of Crotalaria spp
Crotalaria crispata toxicity in horses
Explain the protozoa, Toxoplasma gondii
- Often secondary to an immunocompromised state
- Severe multifocal necrotising interstitial pneumonia with marked proliferation of Type II pneumonocytes
Explain the nematodes, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
- “Feline lung worm”
- Nodular lesions up to 1 cm in diameter throughout lungs
- Nodules contain adult parasites, eggs & mucus
What is an UR infection in a cat
•Viral rhinotracheitis, calcivirus
What causes pneumonia in cats
- Viruses can cause interstitial pneumonia with necrotising bronchilitis & ulcers in the mouth (stomatitis)
- Severe cases complicated by bacterial infections
- eg. Pasteurella multocida
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Or fungi
What are mycotic penumonias most common cause
Cryptococcus neoformans
What does Mycotic pneumonias cause
- Pulmonary lesion is a multifocal granulomatous pneumonia
- Small gelatinous white foci → gelatinous because of mucoid capsule of the organism
- Lesions elsewhere include rhinitis, sinusitis, meningoencephalitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Explan the primary neoplasma of the lung
- Can arise from any cell type in the lungs
- Most are carcinomas derived from Club cells and Type II pneumonocytes
- Most common in aged dogs & cats (>11 years)
What is ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma called
pulmonary adenomatosis or jaagsiekte
Ovine Pulmonary Carcinoma
Metastases of Lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) to lungs in a dog
Metastatic Haemangiosarcoma
