Lecture 6 Flashcards
What are the two types of gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV)
Simple gastric dilation - not life threatening
Acute GDV - life threatening emergency
What is thought be associated with acute GDV
- Large amount of food
- Dry dog biscuits high in fat
- Post-prandial exercise or excitement
- Aerophagia
What is gastric dilation
Fluid and/or food accumulates int he stomach causing gastric volvulus
What is gastric volvulus
The stomach rotates along the mesenteric axis causing obstruction of gastro-oesophageal and pyloric outflow
What does high intragastric pressure and twisting cause
Outflow obstruction to gastric veins causing more fluid and gas build up in stomach
A distended stomach compresses the vena cava what does this decrease
The Venous return/cardiac failure leading to cardiogenic shock
What side are most abomasal displacements
Left
What does left side abomasal displacement cause
Abomasal atony, gaseous distension
What % are right sided abomasal displacement
20%
What does abomasal dispalcement cause
Anorexia, cachexia, dehydration, lack faeces, high pitched ‘ping’ on percussion
Where is abomasal dilation and tympany usually seen
Young cattle
What is the pathophysiology of abomasal dilation and tympany
Fermentation of high energy ingesta and gas producing bacteria in the abomasum
What are present with abomasal dilation and tympany
Hyperglycaemia and glycosuria
What is seen with abomasal dilation and tympany
Necropsy - haemorrhage, oedema, necrosis, emphysema of the abomasum and other compartments of the fore stomach are found at necropsy
What causes gastric or abomasal impaction
- Vagal nerve damage - thoracic lesions
2. Physical obstruction
What can gastric inflammation be caused by
Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatise
What causes haemorrhage gastritis esp in pigs
Septicaemia -> bacterial emboli -> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -> haemorrhage, infarction, ulceration
What causes eosinophilic gastritis esp in dogs
Parasites
What causes granulomatous gastritis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, parasites, fungi
What causes uraemia gastritis
Renal failure
What is another name for abomasal inflammation
Abomasitis
What causes abomasitis
Mycotic abomasitis
Parasitic abomasitis
Viral abomasitis
Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle
What is mycotic abomasitis secondary to
Lactic acidosis
What can cause mycotic abomasitis
Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, Mortierella spp
What causes Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle
Clostridium septum exotoxaemia
Gelatinous oedema of submucosa
What is hypertrophic gastritis
Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands thought to be a response to retained gastric fluid and bile reflux
What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropath cause
- Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea
- Protein losing gastropathy, hypoproteinaemia
- Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to
Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection due to
- Injury
- High acidity
- Ischaemia
- Reduced protective PGs
This allows HCl and pepsin into submucosa
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in dogs and cats
Idiopathic, mast cell tumours
- vomiting, inappentance, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in pigs
Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in ruminants
Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), Infarction (mycotic abnormalities second degree to lactic acidosis)
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in horses
NSAIDS, competition/performance horses
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in foals
Idiopathic
- Abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyaline, gastric reflux, lie on back
Gastric parasites of horses
Equine bots
Draschia megastoma
Gastric parasites of ruminants
Haemonchus contorts
Ostertagia spp
Trichostrongylus axei
Gastric parasites of pigs
Hyostrongylus rubidus
Gastric parasites of dogs and cats
Gnathostoma, physaloptera
