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Pathology > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV)

A

Simple gastric dilation - not life threatening

Acute GDV - life threatening emergency

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2
Q

What is thought be associated with acute GDV

A
  • Large amount of food
  • Dry dog biscuits high in fat
  • Post-prandial exercise or excitement
  • Aerophagia
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3
Q

What is gastric dilation

A

Fluid and/or food accumulates int he stomach causing gastric volvulus

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4
Q

What is gastric volvulus

A

The stomach rotates along the mesenteric axis causing obstruction of gastro-oesophageal and pyloric outflow

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5
Q

What does high intragastric pressure and twisting cause

A

Outflow obstruction to gastric veins causing more fluid and gas build up in stomach

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6
Q

A distended stomach compresses the vena cava what does this decrease

A

The Venous return/cardiac failure leading to cardiogenic shock

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7
Q

What side are most abomasal displacements

A

Left

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8
Q

What does left side abomasal displacement cause

A

Abomasal atony, gaseous distension

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9
Q

What % are right sided abomasal displacement

A

20%

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10
Q

What does abomasal dispalcement cause

A

Anorexia, cachexia, dehydration, lack faeces, high pitched ‘ping’ on percussion

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11
Q

Where is abomasal dilation and tympany usually seen

A

Young cattle

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12
Q

What is the pathophysiology of abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Fermentation of high energy ingesta and gas producing bacteria in the abomasum

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13
Q

What are present with abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Hyperglycaemia and glycosuria

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14
Q

What is seen with abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Necropsy - haemorrhage, oedema, necrosis, emphysema of the abomasum and other compartments of the fore stomach are found at necropsy

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15
Q

What causes gastric or abomasal impaction

A
  1. Vagal nerve damage - thoracic lesions

2. Physical obstruction

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16
Q

What can gastric inflammation be caused by

A

Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatise

17
Q

What causes haemorrhage gastritis esp in pigs

A

Septicaemia -> bacterial emboli -> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -> haemorrhage, infarction, ulceration

18
Q

What causes eosinophilic gastritis esp in dogs

A

Parasites

19
Q

What causes granulomatous gastritis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, parasites, fungi

20
Q

What causes uraemia gastritis

A

Renal failure

21
Q

What is another name for abomasal inflammation

A

Abomasitis

22
Q

What causes abomasitis

A

Mycotic abomasitis
Parasitic abomasitis
Viral abomasitis
Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle

23
Q

What is mycotic abomasitis secondary to

A

Lactic acidosis

24
Q

What can cause mycotic abomasitis

A

Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, Mortierella spp

25
Q

What causes Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle

A

Clostridium septum exotoxaemia

Gelatinous oedema of submucosa

26
Q

What is hypertrophic gastritis

A

Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands thought to be a response to retained gastric fluid and bile reflux

27
Q

What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropath cause

A
  • Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea
  • Protein losing gastropathy, hypoproteinaemia
  • Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation
28
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to

A

Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection due to

  • Injury
  • High acidity
  • Ischaemia
  • Reduced protective PGs

This allows HCl and pepsin into submucosa

29
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in dogs and cats

A

Idiopathic, mast cell tumours

- vomiting, inappentance, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena

30
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in pigs

A

Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain

31
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in ruminants

A

Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), Infarction (mycotic abnormalities second degree to lactic acidosis)

32
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in horses

A

NSAIDS, competition/performance horses

33
Q

What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in foals

A

Idiopathic

- Abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyaline, gastric reflux, lie on back

34
Q

Gastric parasites of horses

A

Equine bots

Draschia megastoma

35
Q

Gastric parasites of ruminants

A

Haemonchus contorts
Ostertagia spp
Trichostrongylus axei

36
Q

Gastric parasites of pigs

A

Hyostrongylus rubidus

37
Q

Gastric parasites of dogs and cats

A

Gnathostoma, physaloptera

Pathology (26 decks)

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