Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of gastric dilation and volvulus (GDV)

A

Simple gastric dilation - not life threatening

Acute GDV - life threatening emergency

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2
Q

What is thought be associated with acute GDV

A
  • Large amount of food
  • Dry dog biscuits high in fat
  • Post-prandial exercise or excitement
  • Aerophagia
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3
Q

What is gastric dilation

A

Fluid and/or food accumulates int he stomach causing gastric volvulus

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4
Q

What is gastric volvulus

A

The stomach rotates along the mesenteric axis causing obstruction of gastro-oesophageal and pyloric outflow

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5
Q

What does high intragastric pressure and twisting cause

A

Outflow obstruction to gastric veins causing more fluid and gas build up in stomach

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6
Q

A distended stomach compresses the vena cava what does this decrease

A

The Venous return/cardiac failure leading to cardiogenic shock

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7
Q

What side are most abomasal displacements

A

Left

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8
Q

What does left side abomasal displacement cause

A

Abomasal atony, gaseous distension

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9
Q

What % are right sided abomasal displacement

A

20%

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10
Q

What does abomasal dispalcement cause

A

Anorexia, cachexia, dehydration, lack faeces, high pitched ‘ping’ on percussion

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11
Q

Where is abomasal dilation and tympany usually seen

A

Young cattle

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12
Q

What is the pathophysiology of abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Fermentation of high energy ingesta and gas producing bacteria in the abomasum

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13
Q

What are present with abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Hyperglycaemia and glycosuria

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14
Q

What is seen with abomasal dilation and tympany

A

Necropsy - haemorrhage, oedema, necrosis, emphysema of the abomasum and other compartments of the fore stomach are found at necropsy

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15
Q

What causes gastric or abomasal impaction

A
  1. Vagal nerve damage - thoracic lesions

2. Physical obstruction

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16
Q

What can gastric inflammation be caused by

A

Chemical, viral, bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, traumatise

17
Q

What causes haemorrhage gastritis esp in pigs

A

Septicaemia -> bacterial emboli -> thrombosis of vessels in submucosa -> haemorrhage, infarction, ulceration

18
Q

What causes eosinophilic gastritis esp in dogs

19
Q

What causes granulomatous gastritis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, parasites, fungi

20
Q

What causes uraemia gastritis

A

Renal failure

21
Q

What is another name for abomasal inflammation

A

Abomasitis

22
Q

What causes abomasitis

A

Mycotic abomasitis
Parasitic abomasitis
Viral abomasitis
Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle

23
Q

What is mycotic abomasitis secondary to

A

Lactic acidosis

24
Q

What can cause mycotic abomasitis

A

Aspergillus, Mucor, Rhizopus, Absidia, Mortierella spp

25
What causes Haemorrhagic abomasitis in sheep and cattle
Clostridium septum exotoxaemia | Gelatinous oedema of submucosa
26
What is hypertrophic gastritis
Thickened rug secondary to hyperplasia of gastric glands thought to be a response to retained gastric fluid and bile reflux
27
What does chronic giant hypertrophic gastropath cause
- Weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea - Protein losing gastropathy, hypoproteinaemia - Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, inflammation
28
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to
Imbalance between acid secretion and mucosal protection due to - Injury - High acidity - Ischaemia - Reduced protective PGs This allows HCl and pepsin into submucosa
29
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in dogs and cats
Idiopathic, mast cell tumours | - vomiting, inappentance, abdominal pain, anaemia, melena
30
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in pigs
Haemorrhagic, esp grower pigs on high grain
31
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in ruminants
Stress (young, dairy, feedlot), Viral (BVD), Infarction (mycotic abnormalities second degree to lactic acidosis)
32
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in horses
NSAIDS, competition/performance horses
33
What is gastric ulceration and erosion due to in foals
Idiopathic | - Abdominal pain, bruxism, ptyaline, gastric reflux, lie on back
34
Gastric parasites of horses
Equine bots | Draschia megastoma
35
Gastric parasites of ruminants
Haemonchus contorts Ostertagia spp Trichostrongylus axei
36
Gastric parasites of pigs
Hyostrongylus rubidus
37
Gastric parasites of dogs and cats
Gnathostoma, physaloptera