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Lecture 19 and 20 Flashcards

1
Q

How is inflammation in the liver classified

A
  • Distribution
  • Atomical area affected
  • Typer of inflammatory cells
  • Duration
  • Severity
  • Causative agent
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2
Q

What is non-specific teactive hepatitis

A
  • Often diffuse throughout liver around portal tracts
  • Response to systemic illness
  • GIT disturbances/infections
  • Redidual prior hepatic health
  • Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis
  • Often an incidentalding
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3
Q
A

Non-specific reactive hepatitis

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4
Q

What is seen with Canine chrinic hepatitis

A
  • Cause often undetermined
  • Hereditary copper toxicosis and hepatitis
  • Other familial chronic hepatitis
  • Liver is often small/shrunken/nodualr
  • Inflammatin and fibrosis
  • Intrahepatic cholestasis
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5
Q
A

Canine chronic active hepatitis

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6
Q
A

Canine chrinic active hepatitis

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7
Q

Whats is cholangitis

A

Inflammation limited to the biliary ducts in portal area

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8
Q

What is cholangiohepatitis

A

Inflammation centred on ducts but has spilled out and involves the periportal area

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9
Q
A

Suppurative cholangitis

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10
Q
A

Feline lymphocytic cholangitis

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11
Q
A

Feline Lymphocytic Cholangiohepatitis

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12
Q
A

Chronic Cholangitis

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13
Q

What causes bacteraemia, septicaemia

A

Bacterial nfections that have sustained or repeated bacteraemic phace foften produce liver lesions

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14
Q

What can septicaemia produce

A
  • Multifocal necrosis and inflammation or small aggregations of inflammatory cells
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15
Q

How do infections of the portal vein occur

A

Some enteric bacteria may enter the portal blood stream and gain entry to the liver

  • In liver bacteria may be phagotosed by Kupffer cells
  • Such bacteria may proliferate in the liver and cause local lesions or bacteraemic phase
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16
Q
A

Haematogenous infectious agents often cause multifocal random hepatic necrosis

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17
Q

How does CAV1 spread

A

Oral route

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18
Q

What does CAV1 target

A

Endothelial cells, hepatocytesm renal epithelium

  • Enarged liver with fibrin surface
  • Acute hepatic nectosis and inflammation
  • Widespread petechial haemorrhages
  • Excessperitoneal fluid
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19
Q
A

Infectious canine hepatitis

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20
Q
A

Infectious canine hepatitis: necrosis and intranuclear viral inclusion bodies

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21
Q

Where is herpes virus common

A

Foetuses and neonates

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22
Q
A

Equine herpesvir1

Hepatitis/hepatic necrosis in foal

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23
Q

What is Theiler’s disease

A
  • Equine serum hepatitis
  • Sporadic form of acute liver failure and death in horses
    • Many occur in horses that have recieved injection of agent containing equine serum
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24
Q

Clinical signs and pathology of Theiler’s disease

A
  • Hepatoencephalopathy
  • Janundice and dark urine
  • Flabby ‘ dishrag’ liver
  • Secere periaciner and midzonal hepatocellular necrosis and harmorrhage
25
Q
A

Equine serum hepatitis

26
Q

What are some bacterial diseases of the liver

A
  • Liver abscessesand granulomas
  • Clostridial diseases
  • Leptospirosis
  • secondary to bacteraemia/septicaemia
27
Q
A

Liver abscess: fusobacterium necrophorum

28
Q
A

Chronic hepatic abscess in a sheep: corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

29
Q
A

Hepatic abscesses: Rhodococcus equi

30
Q
A

Hepatic Abscess

31
Q
A

Hepatic abscess: caudal vena cava

32
Q
A

Multiple caseous granulomas: tuberculosis: mycobacterium

33
Q

What is the other name for Clostridial hepatitis and what bacteria causes it

A

Black disease

Clostridium noviyi

34
Q

How does costridium novyi cause clostridial hepatitis

A
  • Dormant spored germinatein necrotic or low oxygen areas in liver
  • Toxins cause foci of hepatocellular necrosis
    • Liver
    • Effusion in body cavities
    • Rapid putrefaction of carcass
35
Q
A

Black disease

36
Q

What is Bacillary Haemoglobinuria

A
  • Common in regions of Fasciola hepatica flukes
  • Causes by clostridium haemolyticum
  • Spores generate when there is low oxygen
  • Bacteria release toxins - phospholipase C
  • Induces hepatic necosis
  • Intravascular haemolysis
37
Q

What causes Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

  • Oral infection -> GIT -> portal circulation -> liver
38
Q
A

Tyzzer’s disease

39
Q
A

Tyzzer’s disease

40
Q

Where is leptospirosis shed

A

Shed in urine

41
Q

What are the gross lesions of leptospirosis

A
  • Icterus
  • Hepatic haemorrhage
  • Ascites
42
Q

What are the histological lesions of leptospirosis

A
  • Centrolobular necrosis
  • Bile plug in canaliculi
  • Also interstitialephritis
43
Q
A

Salmonellosis

44
Q
A

Ovine campylobacteriosis: foetal liver

45
Q
A

Chicken spotty liver disease

46
Q
A

Mycotic hepatitis: multiple necrotic foci: disseminated fungal infection: Mucor spp

47
Q

What are nematodes a massive problem for the liver

A

They migrate throgh it causing abscesses, granulomas, chronic hepatitis

48
Q
A

Capsulat and portal fibosis: ascaris suum larval migration

49
Q
A

Dirofilarisis: vena caval syndrome: caudalvena cava

51
Q

What do cestodes cause

A

Cysts in liver of intermediate host

52
Q
53
Q
A

Echinococcus granulosis in sheep ‘Hydatid cysts)

54
Q

Where do mature flukes live

A

Bile duct -cuase cholangitis

55
Q

Where do immature flukes live

A

Immature flukes migrate in liver causing haemorrhagic, necrotic tracts

56
Q
A

Facioliasis: fasciola hepatica

57
Q
A

Fascioloides magna

58
Q

What do flagellate cause

A

Necrotic hepatitis in birds

59
Q
A

Hepatic coccidiosis - rabbit

Pathology (26 decks)

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